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Stroffolini G, Segala FV, Lupia T, Faraoni S, Rossi L, Tomassone L, Zanet S, De Rosa FG, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Serology for Borrelia spp. in Northwest Italy: A Climate-Matched 10-Year Trend. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121310. [PMID: 34947841 PMCID: PMC8706290 DOI: 10.3390/life11121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous parasites that can transmit a variety of human pathogens, and their life cycle is dependent on several climatic factors for development and survival. We conducted a study in Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Italy, between 2009 and 2018. The study matched human sample serologies for Borrelia spp. with publicly available climatic and meteorological data. A total of 12,928 serological immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and Western blot (WB) tests were analysed. The median number of IFA and WB tests per year was 1236 (range 700–1997), with the highest demand in autumn 2018 (N = 289). In the study period, positive WB showed an increasing trend, peaking in 2018 for both IgM (N = 97) and IgG (N = 61). These results were consistent with a regional climatic variation trending towards an increase in both temperature and humidity. Our results suggest that coupling data from epidemiology and the environment, and the use of a “one health” approach, may provide a powerful tool in understanding disease transmission and strengthen collaboration between specialists in the era of climate instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Stroffolini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (G.D.P.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (F.V.S.); Tel.: +39-0114393793 (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Vladimiro Segala
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (F.V.S.); Tel.: +39-0114393793 (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Lupia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy; (T.L.); (F.G.D.R.)
| | - Silvia Faraoni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, ASL “Città di Torino”, 10149 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luca Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (L.R.); (L.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (L.R.); (L.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefania Zanet
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (L.R.); (L.T.); (S.Z.)
| | | | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (G.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy; (G.D.P.); (A.C.)
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Zoppi S, Dondo A, Di Blasio A, Vitale N, Carfora V, Goria M, Chiavacci L, Giorgi I, D'Errico V, Irico L, Franco A, Battisti A. Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Related Risk Factors in Holdings of Veal Calves in Northwest Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1136-1143. [PMID: 33570474 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) have emerged worldwide as zoonotic pathogens. Data on LA-MRSA in veal calf production in Italy are lacking; the aim of this survey was to fill current knowledge gaps in its prevalence and characteristics. Between February 2012 and January 2013 nasal swabs were taken from 1650 three- to six-month-old veal calves on 55 farms in Piedmont (northwest Italy), including gathering-related epidemiological data. S. aureus were screened for methicillin resistance by phenotypic and molecular (mecA gene detection) methods. MRSA were further genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. About 30% of the herds tested positive for MRSA: three different clonal complexes (CC398, CC97, and CC1) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types (IVa, IVb, and V) were detected. Multilevel logistic regression model indicated poor cleaning, importation from Austria, and animal age as risk factors and coagulase-negative staphylococci colonization as a predictive factor for the occurrence of MRSA. The detection of CCs circulating in pigs and dairy cattle in Italy underscores the ability of the LA-MRSA clones to spread among animal production systems. In addition to maintaining preventive control measures for human health, better cleaning procedures need to be implemented, especially after new calves have been introduced into the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Virginia Carfora
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of General Diagnostics, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Antibioticoresistenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Lazio e Toscana "M. Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Chiavacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giorgi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Errico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Lara Irico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Franco
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of General Diagnostics, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Antibioticoresistenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Lazio e Toscana "M. Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Battisti
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of General Diagnostics, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Antibioticoresistenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Lazio e Toscana "M. Aleandri," Rome, Italy
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Di Blasio A, Irico L, Caruso C, Miceli I, Robetto S, Peletto S, Varello K, Giorda F, Mignone W, Rubinetti F, Iulini B, Bozzetta E, Acutis P, Orusa R, Goria M, Masoero L, Dondo A. CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS AS AN EMERGING MULTIHOST PATHOGEN IN WILD CARNIVORES IN NORTHWEST ITALY. J Wildl Dis 2019; 55:844-56. [PMID: 31021687 [PMID: 31021687 DOI: 10.7589/2018-09-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) may pose a serious threat to Alpine wild carnivores and affect their population dynamics. Since 2006, the strain Europe Wildlife 2006-09, a distinct CD virus subgroup within viral lineage Europe 1 (EU1) characterized by increased virulence and host range expansion, has been linked to multiple CD outbreaks in Alpine wild carnivores. The aim of this study was to fill knowledge gaps about ongoing Alpine outbreaks of CD. To do this, we report on the circulation of canine distemper virus (CDV) and outbreaks of CD in Alpine wild carnivores in northwest Italy. A specific diagnostic protocol applied to a sample of 548 wild carnivores collected between January 2013 and December 2015 revealed the circulation of CDV belonging to the EU1 lineage. All isolates were carriers of amino-acid mutations defining the cluster Europe Wildlife 2006-09. A self-maintained multihost pathogen system may have developed in northwest Italy in which interspecies transmission from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to other noncanid species enhanced pathogen maintenance in the system.
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