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Zhang R, Li N, Xu S, Han X, Li C, Wei X, Liu Y, Tu T, Tang X, Zhou J, Huang Z. Glycoside Hydrolase Family 39 β-Xylosidases Exhibit β-1,2-Xylosidase Activity for Transformation of Notoginsenosides: A New EC Subsubclass. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3220-3228. [PMID: 30834749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-1,2-Xylosidase activity has not been recorded as an EC subsubclass. In this study, phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments revealed that characterized β-xylosidases of glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 39 were classified into the same subgroup with conserved amino acid residue positions participating in substrate recognition. Protein-ligand docking revealed that seven of these positions were probably essential to bind xylose-glucose, which is linked by a β-1,2-glycosidic bond. Amino acid residues in five of the seven positions are invariant, while those in two of the seven positions are variable with low frequency. Both the wild-type β-xylosidase rJB13GH39 and its mutants with mutation at the two positions exhibited β-1,2-xylosidase activity, as they hydrolyzed o-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside and transformed notoginsenosides R1 and R2 to ginsenosides Rg1 and Rh1, respectively. The results suggest that all of these characterized GH 39 β-xylosidases probably show β-1,2-xylosidase activity, which should be assigned an EC number with these β-xylosidases as representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education , Yunnan Normal University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences , Yunnan Normal University , No. 768 Juxian Street , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
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Xu D, Huang P, Yu Z, Xing DH, Ouyang S, Xing G. Efficacy and Safety of Panax notoginseng Saponin Therapy for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Meta-Analysis, and Mini Review of Potential Mechanisms of Action. Front Neurol 2015; 5:274. [PMID: 25620952 PMCID: PMC4288044 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial/intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of death and disability in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. No proven drug is available for ICH. Panax notoginseng (total saponin extraction, PNS) is one of the most valuable herb medicines for stroke and cerebralvascular disorders in China. We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) involving PNS injection to treat cerebral hemorrhage for meta-analysis from various databases including the Chinese Stroke Trials Register, the trials register of the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Chinese BioMedical disk, and China Doctorate/Master Dissertations Databases. The quality of the eligible trials was assessed by Jadad’s scale. Twenty (20) of the 24 identified randomized controlled trials matched the inclusive criteria including 984 ICH patients with PNS injection and 907 ICH patients with current treatment (CT). Compared to the CT groups, PNS-treated patients showed better outcomes in the effectiveness rate (ER), neurological deficit score, intracranial hematoma volume, intracerebral edema volume, Barthel index, the number of patients died, and incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: PNS injection is superior to CT for acute ICH. A review of the literature shows that PNS may exert multiple protective mechanisms against ICH-induced brain damage including hemostasis, anti-coagulation, anti-thromboembolism, cerebral vasodilation, invigorated blood dynamics, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anti-hyperglycemic effects. Since vitamin C and other brain cell activators (BCA) that are not considered common practice were also used as parts of the CT in several trials, potential PNS and BCA interactions could exist that may have made the effect of PNS therapy less or more impressive than by PNS therapy alone. Future PNS trials with and without the inclusion of such controversial BCAs as part of the CT could clarify the situation. As PNS has a long clinical track record in Asia, it could potentially become a therapy option to treat ICH in the US and Europe. Further clinical trials with better experimental design could determine the long-term effects of PNS treatment for TBI and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Xu
- Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , China
| | - Ping Huang
- Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Huanggang , China
| | | | - Shuai Ouyang
- School of Business, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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