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Diego S, Nolberto A, Pablo AJ, Ricardo C, Nelson Z, Marisol V. Nursing Honeybee Behavior and Sensorial-Related Genes Are Altered by Deformed Wing Virus Variant A. Insects 2024; 15:80. [PMID: 38392500 PMCID: PMC10889485 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Insect behavior is coordinated mainly by smell through the diverse odor-binding proteins (OBP) that allow them to identify and recognize their environment. Sensory information collected through smell is then analyzed and interpreted in the brain, allowing for correct insect functioning. The behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) can be affected by different pathogens, such as deformed wing virus (DWV). In particular, the DWV variant A (DWV-A) is capable of altering olfactory sensitivity and reducing the gene expression of different OBPs, including those associated with nursing behavior. The DWV is also capable of replicating itself in the sensory lobes of the brain, further compromising the processing of sensory information. This study evaluated the behavioral response of nurse honeybees exposed to a pheromone compound and the alterations in the gene expression of the pre- and post-synaptic neuronal genes neuroxins-1 and neurogilin-1 in the bee heads and OBP proteins in the antennae of nurse bees inoculated with DWV-A. The behavioral response of nurse bees exposed to the larval pheromone compound benzyl alcohol was analyzed using a Y-tube olfactometer. The viral load, the gene expression of OBP5 and OBP11 in antennae, and neuroxins-1 and neurogilin-1 in the bee heads were analyzed via qPCR. High viral loads significantly reduced the ability of 10- and 15-day-old nurse honeybees to choose the correct pheromone compound. Also, the gene expression of OBP5, OBP11, neuroxin-1, and neurogilin-1 in nurse honeybees decreased when they were highly infected with DWV-A. These results suggest that a DWV-A infection can disturb information processing and cause nursing honeybees to reduce their activity inside the hive, altering internal cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Diego
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Arismendi Nolberto
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Picarte 1130-1160, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alveal Juan Pablo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Ceballos Ricardo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Zapata Nelson
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Vargas Marisol
- Laboratorios de Virología y Patologías en Abejas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán 3780000, Chile
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Schilcher F, Hilsmann L, Ankenbrand MJ, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Scheiner R. Corrigendum: Honeybees are buffered against undernourishment during larval stages. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1146464. [PMID: 38469509 PMCID: PMC10926457 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1146464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.951317.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schilcher
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lioba Hilsmann
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus J. Ankenbrand
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Schilcher F, Hilsmann L, Ankenbrand MJ, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Scheiner R. Honeybees are buffered against undernourishment during larval stages. Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:951317. [PMID: 38468773 PMCID: PMC10926507 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.951317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The negative impact of juvenile undernourishment on adult behavior has been well reported for vertebrates, but relatively little is known about invertebrates. In honeybees, nutrition has long been known to affect task performance and timing of behavioral transitions. Whether and how a dietary restriction during larval development affects the task performance of adult honeybees is largely unknown. We raised honeybees in-vitro, varying the amount of a standardized diet (150 µl, 160 µl, 180 µl in total). Emerging adults were marked and inserted into established colonies. Behavioral performance of nurse bees and foragers was investigated and physiological factors known to be involved in the regulation of social organization were quantified. Surprisingly, adult honeybees raised under different feeding regimes did not differ in any of the behaviors observed. No differences were observed in physiological parameters apart from weight. Honeybees were lighter when undernourished (150 µl), while they were heavier under the overfed treatment (180 µl) compared to the control group raised under a normal diet (160 µl). These data suggest that dietary restrictions during larval development do not affect task performance or physiology in this social insect despite producing clear effects on adult weight. We speculate that possible effects of larval undernourishment might be compensated during the early period of adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schilcher
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lioba Hilsmann
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus J. Ankenbrand
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ahmad S, Khan SA, Khan KA, Li J. Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees. Front Physiol 2021; 11:615830. [PMID: 33551843 PMCID: PMC7862731 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees. To better understand the recent progress made in understanding the structure and function of these glands, we here review the ontogeny of HGs, and the factors affecting the morphology, physiology, and molecular basis of the functionality of the glands. We also review the morphogenesis of HGs in the pupal and adult stages, and the secretory role of the glands across the ages for the first time. Furthermore, recent transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses have elucidated the potential mechanisms driving the HGs development and functionality. This adds a comprehensive novel knowledge of the development and physiology of HGs in honey bees over time, which may be helpful for future research investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saboor Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shahmshad Ahmed Khan
- Laboratory of Apiculture, Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS)- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianke Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gage SL, Calle S, Jacobson N, Carroll M, DeGrandi-Hoffman G. Pollen Alters Amino Acid Levels in the Honey Bee Brain and This Relationship Changes With Age and Parasitic Stress. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:231. [PMID: 32265638 PMCID: PMC7105889 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen nutrition is necessary for proper growth and development of adult honey bees. Yet, it is unclear how pollen affects the honey bee brain and behavior. We investigated whether pollen affects amino acids in the brains of caged, nurse-aged bees, and what the behavioral consequences might be. We also tested whether parasitic stress altered this relationship by analyzing bees infected with prevalent stressor, Nosema ceranae. Levels of 18 amino acids in individual honey bee brains were measured using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry at two different ages (Day 7 and Day 11). We then employed the proboscis extension reflex to test odor learning and memory. We found that the honey bee brain was highly responsive to pollen. Many amino acids in the brain were elevated and were present at higher concentration with age. The majority of these amino acids were non-essential. Without pollen, levels of amino acids remained consistent, or declined. Nosema-infected bees showed a different profile. Infection altered amino acid levels in a pollen-dependent manner. The majority of amino acids were lower when pollen was given, but higher when pollen was deprived. Odor learning and memory was not affected by feeding pollen to uninfected bees; but pollen did improve performance in Nosema-infected bees. These results suggest that pollen in early adulthood continues to shape amino acid levels in the brain with age, which may affect neural circuitry and behavior over time. Parasitic stress by N. ceranae modifies this relationship revealing an interaction between infection, pollen nutrition, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Gage
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha Calle
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalia Jacobson
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mark Carroll
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ, United States
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