Wu X, Song B, Chien P, Everett SM, Zhao K, Liu J, Du Z. Structural Evolution and Transition Dynamics in Lithium Ion Battery under Fast Charging: An
Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigation.
Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021;
8:e2102318. [PMID:
34494394 PMCID:
PMC8564430 DOI:
10.1002/advs.202102318]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast charging (<15 min) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electrical vehicles (EVs) is widely seen as the key factor that will greatly stimulate the EV markets, and its realization is mainly hindered by the sluggish diffusion of Li+ . To have a mechanistic understanding of Li+ diffusion within LIBs, in this study, structural evolutions of electrodes for a Ni-rich LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 (NMC622) || graphite cylindrical cell with high areal loading (2.78 mAh cm-2 ) are developed for operando neutron powder diffraction study at different charging rates. Via sequential Rietveld refinements, changes in structures of NMC622 and Lix C6 are obtained during moderate and fast charging (from 0.27 C to 4.4 C). NMC622 exhibits the same structural evolution regardless of C-rates. For phase transitions of Lix C6 , the stage I (LiC6 ) phase emerges earlier during the stepwise intercalation at a lower state of charge when charging rate is increased. It is also found that the stage II (LiC12 ) → stage I (LiC6 ) transition is the rate-limiting step during fast charging. The LiC12 → LiC6 transition mechanism is further analyzed using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model. It is concluded as a diffusion-controlled, 1D phase transition with decreasing nucleation kinetics under increasing chargingrates.
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