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Zhou G, Tian Y, Shi F, Song C, Tie G, Liu S, Zhou G, Shao J, Wu Z. Scratch Morphology Transformation: An Alternative Method of Scratch Processing on Optical Surface. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12091030. [PMID: 34577674 PMCID: PMC8469273 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The scratches on an optical surface can worsen the performance of elements. The normal process method is removing scratches entirely. However, it is a tough and high-cost requirement of removing extremely deep scratches and maintaining all the other excellent indicators at the same time. As the alternative of removing, we propose the method of scratch morphology transformation to diminish the drawbacks induced by scratches. We measure the morphology of scratches, establish the transformation models and transform them to the needed shape. In engineering applications, transformation can solve scratch drawbacks or limitations in an efficient and effective way. Then, residual scratches become acceptable. The transformation can also be amalgamated into the error figuring processes. Typical scratch transforming examples are experimented and AFM measurement is conducted. We explore the rule of scratch morphology transformation by two typical fabrication means: magnetorheological finishing (MRF) and HF etching. This morphology transforming method is an economical alternative for current defect-free fabrication. That will significantly decrease fabrication time, cost and risk, while the optical quality maintain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhou
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China; (S.L.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7414-6066
| | - Feng Shi
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Ci Song
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Guipeng Tie
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China; (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China; (G.Z.); (F.S.); (C.S.); (G.T.); (G.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianda Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China; (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Zhouling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing for Super Smooth Surface of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China;
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Shimomura S, Nishimura T, Ogura Y, Tanida J. Photothermal fabrication of microscale patterned DNA hydrogels. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171779. [PMID: 29515885 PMCID: PMC5830774 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a method for fabricating microscale DNA hydrogels using irradiation with patterned light. Optical fabrication allows for the flexible and tunable formation of DNA hydrogels without changing the environmental conditions. Our scheme is based on local heat generation via the photothermal effect, which is induced by light irradiation on a quenching species. We demonstrate experimentally that, depending on the power and irradiation time, light irradiation enables the creation of local microscale DNA hydrogels, while the shapes of the DNA hydrogels are controlled by the irradiation patterns.
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Weng Y, Ip E, Pan Z, Wang T. Advanced Spatial-Division Multiplexed Measurement Systems Propositions-From Telecommunication to Sensing Applications: A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:E1387. [PMID: 27589754 DOI: 10.3390/s16091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) technology were first proposed in the telecommunications industry as an indispensable solution to reduce the cost-per-bit of optical fiber transmission. Recently, such spatial channels and modes have been applied in optical sensing applications where the returned echo is analyzed for the collection of essential environmental information. The key advantages of implementing SDM techniques in optical measurement systems include the multi-parameter discriminative capability and accuracy improvement. In this paper, to help readers without a telecommunication background better understand how the SDM-based sensing systems can be incorporated, the crucial components of SDM techniques, such as laser beam shaping, mode generation and conversion, multimode or multicore elements using special fibers and multiplexers are introduced, along with the recent developments in SDM amplifiers, opto-electronic sources and detection units of sensing systems. The examples of SDM-based sensing systems not only include Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry or Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDR/BOTDA) using few-mode fibers (FMF) and the multicore fiber (MCF) based integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, but also involve the widely used components with their whole information used in the full multimode constructions, such as the whispering gallery modes for fiber profiling and chemical species measurements, the screw/twisted modes for examining water quality, as well as the optical beam shaping to improve cantilever deflection measurements. Besides, the various applications of SDM sensors, the cost efficiency issue, as well as how these complex mode multiplexing techniques might improve the standard fiber-optic sensor approaches using single-mode fibers (SMF) and photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have also been summarized. Finally, we conclude with a prospective outlook for the opportunities and challenges of SDM technologies in optical sensing industry.
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Kou JL, Ding M, Feng J, Lu YQ, Xu F, Brambilla G. Microfiber-based Bragg gratings for sensing applications: a review. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:8861-76. [PMID: 23012522 DOI: 10.3390/s120708861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfiber-based Bragg gratings (MFBGs) are an emerging concept in ultra-small optical fiber sensors. They have attracted great attention among researchers in the fiber sensing area because of their large evanescent field and compactness. In this review, the basic techniques for the fabrication of MFBGs are introduced first. Then, the sensing properties and applications of MFBGs are discussed, including measurement of refractive index (RI), temperature, and strain/force. Finally a summary of selected MFBG sensing elements from previous literature are tabulated.
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