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Peralta S, Webb SM, Katt WP, Grenier JK, Duhamel GE. Highly recurrent BRAF p.V595E mutation in canine papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:138-144. [PMID: 36451536 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral epithelial malignancy in dogs. It exhibits locally aggressive biological behaviour with the potential to metastasize, and a reported 1-year survival rate of 0% when left untreated. Expression studies suggest that aberrant MAPK signalling plays a key role in canine OSCC tumorigenesis, which is consistent with BRAF and HRAS MAPK-activating mutations reported in some tumours. Several morphological subtypes of canine OSCC have been described, with papillary, conventional, and basaloid as the most common patterns. We hypothesized that mutational differences may underlie these phenotypic variations. In this study, targeted Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays demonstrate that up to 85.7% of canine papillary OSCC (n = 14) harbour a BRAF p.V595E mutation. Assessment of neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation using Ki67 immunolabelling (n = 10) confirmed a relatively high proliferation activity, consistent with their known aggressive clinical behaviour. These findings underscore a consistent genetic feature of canine papillary OSCC and provide a basis for the development of novel diagnostic and targeted therapeutic approaches that can improve the quality of veterinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Suzin M Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gerald E Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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2
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Pispero A, Lombardi N, Manfredi M, Varoni EM, Sardella A, Lodi G. Oral infections in oral cancer survivors: A mini-review. Front Oral Health 2022; 3:970074. [PMID: 36338574 PMCID: PMC9634540 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.970074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cancer survivors are a group of special individuals whose disease affect anatomical structures with a key role in identity and communication and a fundamental role in basic human functions such as speaking, eating, swallowing and breathing. Thus, quality of life of these individuals can be impaired by the consequences of disease and treatments, in particular surgery and radiotherapy. Among others, infectious conditions of any nature, bacterial, viral, fungal, are a frequent finding among oral cancer survivors. In fact, the peculiar systemic and local conditions of these subjects are known to significantly modify the microbiota, which, besides facilitating opportunistic infections, can affect the cancer microenvironment, as well as alter the effects of the anti-cancer therapies. Similarly, mouth infections can also affect the prognosis of oral cancer survivors. Among the opportunistic infections, fungal are the most common infections affecting these subjects, since neutropenia resulting from cancer, as well as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments, promote the shift from the carrier state of Candida species, to pathogen state. Treatment of oral candidiasis can be difficult in oral cancer survivors, and good evidence supports clotrimazole as the most effective for prevention, and fluconazole as the one with the best risk-benefit profile. Probiotics, although promising, need better evidence to be considered an effective treatment or preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pispero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Niccolò Lombardi
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro di Odontoiatria, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Liptak JM, Thatcher GP, Mestrinho LA, Séguin B, Vernier T, Martano M, Husbands BD, Veytsman S, van Nimwegen SA, De Mello Souza CH, Mullins RA, Barry SL, Selmic LE. Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:641-650. [PMID: 32592320 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maxillectomy is poorly described for the management of oral tumours in cats and is occasionally not recommended because of the high complication rate and sub-optimal outcome reported in cats treated with mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications and oncologic outcome in cats treated with maxillectomy. Sixty cats were included in the study. Maxillectomy procedures included unilateral rostral (20.0%), bilateral rostral (23.3%), segmental (10.0%), caudal (20.0%) and total unilateral maxillectomy (26.7%). Intra-operative and post-operative complications were reported in 10 (16.7%) and 34 (56.7%) cats, respectively. The most common post-operative complications were hyporexia (20.0%) and incisional dehiscence (20.0%). The median duration of hyporexia was 7 days. Benign tumours were diagnosed in 19 cats (31.7%) and malignant tumours in 41 cats (68.3%). Local recurrence and metastatic rates were 18.3% and 4.9%, respectively; the median progression-free interval (PFI) was not reached. The disease-related median survival time was not reached overall or for either benign or malignant tumours. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were, respectively, 100% and 79% for cats with benign tumours, 89% and 89% for cats with malignant tumours, 94% and 94% for cats with fibrosarcomas, 83% and 83% for cats with squamous cell carcinomas, and 80% and 80% for cats with osteosarcomas. Poor prognostic factors included mitotic index for PFI, adjuvant chemotherapy for both PFI and survival time, and local recurrence for survival time. Maxillectomy is a viable treatment option for cats resulting in good local tumour control and long survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Liptak
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Thatcher
- VCA Canada-Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa A Mestrinho
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernard Séguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy Vernier
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Brian D Husbands
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stan Veytsman
- Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Carlos H De Mello Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronan A Mullins
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Sabrina L Barry
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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4
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Marconato L, Weyland M, Tresch N, Rossi F, Leone V, Rohrer Bley C. Toxicity and outcome in cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma after accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy and concurrent systemic treatment. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:362-369. [PMID: 31756259 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a multimodal approach to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cats, combining medical treatment and accelerated radiation therapy, showed a substantial outcome improvement in a small pilot study. Herein we retrospectively review 51 cats with unresectable, histologically confirmed oral SCC and a complete initial staging work-up: cats in group A (n = 24) received medical anti-angiogenic treatment consisting of bleomycin, piroxicam and thalidomide, cats in group B (n = 27) received the anti-angiogenic treatment and concurrent accelerated hypofractionated radiation therapy with 48Gy delivered in 10 fractions. Overall median progression-free interval (PFI) was poor with 70 days (95% CI: 48;93). In the irradiated cats (group B), however, PFI was significantly longer with 179 days (95% CI: 58;301) days, vs 30 days (95% CI: 23;38) in medically only treated cats (P < .001). Overall median overall survival (OS) was 89 days (95% CI: 55;124), again significantly longer in the irradiated cats (group B) with 136 (95% CI: 40;233) vs 38 days (95% CI: 23;54) (P < .001). In 8 of the 27 (29.6%) cats in group B, however, severe toxicity (grade 3) occurred. Neither onset nor severity of toxicity could be associated with any of the tested variables, including anatomic site, tumour size, clinical stage and duration of neoadjuvant medical treatment. Given the potential severe acute effects and the impact on quality of life after chemo-radiotherapy, owners must be clearly informed about the risks of treatment. With the overall poor outcome and high occurrence of acute toxicity, we cannot recommend the use of this accelerated radiation protocol combined with anti-angiogenic therapy for oral SCC in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano nell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Mathias Weyland
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Tresch
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vito Leone
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Linden D, Matz BM, Farag R, Boothe HW, Tillson DM, Henderson R. Biomechanical comparison of two ostectomy configurations for partial mandibulectomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:15-9. [PMID: 27849104 DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-16-05-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the stiffness and load to failure of two different ostectomy configurations using canine mandibles. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric biomechanical assessment. ANIMALS Paired mandibles (n = 30). METHODS Standardized partial ostectomies were created on the alveolar surface of 30 mandibles. Samples were randomly assigned to right-angled (n = 15) or crescentic ostectomy (n = 15). Excision spanned the mesial aspect of the fourth premolar tooth to the distal aspect of first molar tooth. Mandibles were loaded to failure in three-point bending. The stiffness, displacement at maximum load, and load to failure were measured. RESULTS There was no significant difference in stiffness (p = 0.59), displacement at maximum load (p = 0.16) and load to failure (p = 0.76) between right-angled or crescentic ostectomy. Right-angled and crescentic ostectomy failed mostly by fracture through an empty alveolus (11/15 and 13/15, respectively). CLINICAL RELEVANCE No significant differences in load to failure or stiffness between ostectomy techniques were observed. Crescentic ostectomy did not improve the acute load to failure for partial mandibulectomy. The empty alveolus served as a focal stress concentration point eliminating the potential mechanical advantage of a crescentic ostectomy.
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