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Tafra E, Basletić M, Ivek T, Kuveždić M, Novosel N, Tomić S, Korin-Hamzić B, Čulo M. Charge Transport in the Presence of Correlations and Disorder: Organic Conductors and Manganites. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1524. [PMID: 38612039 PMCID: PMC11013020 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of condensed matter is its ability to conduct electricity, which is particularly pronounced in conventional metals such as copper or silver. Such behavior stems from a strong tendency of valence electrons to delocalize in a periodic potential created by ions in the crystal lattice of a given material. In many advanced materials, however, this basic delocalization process of the valence electrons competes with various processes that tend to localize these very same valence electrons, thus driving the insulating behavior. The two such most important processes are the Mott localization, driven by strong correlation effects among the valence electrons, and the Anderson localization, driven by the interaction of the valence electrons with a strong disorder potential. These two localization processes are almost exclusively considered separately from both an experimental and a theoretical standpoint. Here, we offer an overview of our long-standing research on selected organic conductors and manganites, that clearly show the presence of both these localization processes. We discuss these results within existing theories of Mott-Anderson localization and argue that such behavior could be a common feature of many advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Tafra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička Cesta 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Mario Basletić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička Cesta 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Tomislav Ivek
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.I.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (B.K.-H.)
| | - Marko Kuveždić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička Cesta 32, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Nikolina Novosel
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.I.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (B.K.-H.)
| | - Silvia Tomić
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.I.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (B.K.-H.)
| | - Bojana Korin-Hamzić
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.I.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (B.K.-H.)
| | - Matija Čulo
- Institut za Fiziku, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.I.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (B.K.-H.)
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Warrington S, Montanaro S, Elsegood MRJ, Nichol GS, Wright IA. Structure-Property Relationships for Potential Inversion From Electron Acceptors Based on Thiophene-Fused Triptycene Quinones, 1,4-Diketones and Their Malononitrile Adducts. Chemistry 2024:e202400782. [PMID: 38517200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a series of 11,11,12,12-tetracyano-9,10-anthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) inspired electron acceptors based on thiophene-fused quinone and triptycene motifs is presented. This has yielded insights into structure-property relationships for establishing and modulating simultaneous two-electron reduction processes in TCAQ analogues. These new compounds were synthesised using a Friedel-Crafts acylation between triptycene and thiophene-3,4-dicarbonyl chloride. Isomeric para-quinones featuring a [c]-fused thiophene on one side and a β,β- or α,β-fused triptycene on the other were isolated alongside a thiophene-3,4-diketone which bears two triptycene fragments. Knoevenagel condensation of these products with malononitrile produced a quinoidal bis(dicyanomethylene), an oxo-dicyanomethylene and an acyclic bis(dicyanomethylene). This series of new electron accepting molecules has been studied using X-ray crystallography and the implications of their 3D structures on NMR and UV/vis absorbance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results have been ascertained with conclusions underpinned by computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Warrington
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH16 5PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Montanaro
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Gary S Nichol
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH16 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH16 5PL, United Kingdom
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Duan W, Robles UA, Poole-Warren L, Esrafilzadeh D. Bioelectronic Neural Interfaces: Improving Neuromodulation Through Organic Conductive Coatings. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2306275. [PMID: 38115740 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Integration of bioelectronic devices in clinical practice is expanding rapidly, focusing on conditions ranging from sensory to neurological and mental health disorders. While platinum (Pt) electrodes in neuromodulation devices such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators have shown promising results, challenges still affect their long-term performance. Key among these are electrode and device longevity in vivo, and formation of encapsulating fibrous tissue. To overcome these challenges, organic conductors with unique chemical and physical properties are being explored. They hold great promise as coatings for neural interfaces, offering more rapid regulatory pathways and clinical implementation than standalone bioelectronics. This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential benefits of organic coatings in neuromodulation electrodes and the challenges that limit their effective integration into existing devices. It discusses issues related to metallic electrode use and introduces physical, electrical, and biological properties of organic coatings applied in neuromodulation. Furthermore, previously reported challenges related to organic coating stability, durability, manufacturing, and biocompatibility are thoroughly reviewed and proposed coating adhesion mechanisms are summarized. Understanding organic coating properties, modifications, and current challenges of organic coatings in clinical and industrial settings is expected to provide valuable insights for their future development and integration into organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Duan
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Laura Poole-Warren
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Tolvanen J, Nelo M, Alasmäki H, Siponkoski T, Mäkelä P, Vahera T, Hannu J, Juuti J, Jantunen H. Ultraelastic and High-Conductivity Multiphase Conductor with Universally Autonomous Self-Healing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2205485. [PMID: 36351708 PMCID: PMC9798996 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation, truly soft, and stretchable electronic circuits with material level self-healing functionality require high-performance solution-processable organic conductors capable of autonomously self-healing without external intervention. A persistent challenge is to achieve required performance level as electrical, mechanical, and self-healing properties optimized in tandem are difficult to attain. Here heterogenous multiphase conductor with cocontinuous morphology and macroscale phase separation for ultrafast universally autonomous self-healing with full recovery of pristine tensile and electrical properties in less than 120 and 900 s, respectively, is reported. The multiphase conductor is insensitive to flaws under stretching and achieves a synergistic combination of conductivity up to ≈1.5 S cm-1 , stress at break ≈4 MPa, toughness up to >81 MJ m-3 , and elastic recovery exceeding 2000% strain. Such properties are difficult to achieve simultaneously with any other type of material so far. The solution-processable multiphase conductor offers a paradigm shift for damage tolerant and environmentally resistant soft electronic components and circuits with material level self-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Tolvanen
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Mikko Nelo
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Heidi Alasmäki
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Tuomo Siponkoski
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Piia Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Medical ImagingPhysics and TechnologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 5000OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Timo Vahera
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Jari Hannu
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Jari Juuti
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
| | - Heli Jantunen
- Microelectronics Research UnitFaculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 4500OuluFI‐90014Finland
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Hirata M, Kobayashi A, Berthier C, Kanoda K. Interacting chiral electrons at the 2D Dirac points: a review. Rep Prog Phys 2021; 84:036502. [PMID: 33059346 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abc17c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-relativistic chiral electrons in 2D graphene and 3D topological semimetals, known as the massless Dirac or Weyl fermions, constitute various intriguing issues in modern condensed-matter physics. In particular, the issues linked to the Coulomb interaction between the chiral electrons attract great attentions due to their unusual features, namely, the interaction is not screened and has a long-ranged property near the charge-neutrality point, in clear contrast to its screened and short-ranged properties in the conventional correlated materials. In graphene, this long-range interaction induces an anomalous logarithmic renormalization of the Fermi velocity, which causes a nonlinear reshaping of its Dirac cone. In addition, for strong interactions, it even leads to the predictions of an excitonic condensation with a spontaneous mass generation. The interaction, however, would seem to be not that large in graphene, so that the latter phenomenon appears to have not yet been observed. Contrastingly, the interaction is probably large in the pressurized organic materialα-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, where a 2D massless-Dirac-fermion phase emerges next to a correlated insulating phase. Therefore, an excellent testing ground would appear in this material for the studies of both the velocity renormalization and the mass generation, as well as for those of the short-range electronic correlations. In this review, we give an overview of the recent progress on the understanding of such interacting chiral electrons in 2D, by placing particular emphasis on the studies in graphene andα-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. In the first half, we briefly summarize our current experimental and theoretical knowledge about the interaction effects in graphene, then turn attentions to the understanding inα-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, and highlight its relevance to and difference from graphene. The second half of this review focusses on the studies linked to the nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and the associated model calculations inα-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. These studies allow us to discuss the anisotropic reshaping of a tilted Dirac cone together with various electronic correlations, and the precursor excitonic dynamics growing prior to a condensation. We see these provide unique opportunities to resolve the momentum dependence of the spin excitations and fluctuations that are strongly influenced by the long-range interaction near the Dirac points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hirata
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- MPA-Q, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Akito Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Claude Berthier
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228 CNRS, EMFL, UGA, UPS and INSA, Boite Postale 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Kazushi Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Yoon SE, Park J, Kwon JE, Lee SY, Han JM, Go CY, Choi S, Kim KC, Seo H, Kim JH, Kim BG. Improvement of Electrical Conductivity in Conjugated Polymers through Cascade Doping with Small-Molecular Dopants. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005129. [PMID: 33135210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping capability is primitively governed by the energy level offset between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of conjugated polymers (CPs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of dopants. A poor doping efficiency is obtained when doping directly using NOBF4 forming a large energy offset with the CP, while the devised doping strategy is found to significantly improve the doping efficiency (electrical conductivity) by sequentially treating the NOBF4 to the pre-doped CP with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (F4TCNQ), establishing a relatively small energy level offset. It is verified that the cascade doping strategy requires receptive sites for each dopant to further improve the doping efficiency, and provides fast reaction kinetics energetically. An outstanding electrical conductivity (>610 S cm-1 ) is achieved through the optimization of the devised doping strategy, and spectroscopy analysis, including Hall effect measurement, supports more efficient charge carrier generation via the devised cascade doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kwon
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 55324, Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Chae Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Siku Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Vaghasiya JV, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Sofer Z, Pumera M. MXene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors: Influence of an Organic Ionic Conductor Electrolyte on the Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:53039-53048. [PMID: 33175496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rise of miniaturized wearable electronic devices in the last decade, significant demands have arisen to obtain high-performance flexible supercapacitors (FSCs). Recently, a lot of research has been focused on developing smart components of FSCs and integrating them into new device configurations. In this work, FSCs based on a Ti3C2 nanosheet (NS) and an organic ionic conductor (OIC)-induced hydrogel as the electrode and the electrolyte, respectively, were used. The FSCs fabricated have three different configurations (sandwich, twisted fiber, and interdigitated) and a comparative study of their electrochemical performance was investigated in terms of cycle stability, bending stability, power density, and energy density. Finally, the experimental validation of practical application was conducted, which suggested excellent electrochemical stability of Ti3C2 NS FSCs for driven commercial electronic gadgets. This study presents mechanically robust, lightweight, high-performance FSCs, which can be assembled in different configurations for powering wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayraj V Vaghasiya
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Future Energy and Innovation Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
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Shvachko YN, Spitsyna NG, Starichenko DV, Zverev VN, Zorina LV, Simonov SV, Blagov MA, Yagubskii EB. Magnetism, Conductivity and Spin-Spin Interactions in Layered Hybrid Structure of Anionic Radicals [Ni(dmit) 2] Alternated by Iron(III) Spin-Crossover Complex [Fe(III)(3-OMe-Sal 2trien)] and Ferric Moiety Precursors. Molecules 2020; 25:E4922. [PMID: 33114397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, crystals of the hybrid layered structure, combined with Fe(III) Spin-Crossover (SCO) complexes with metal-dithiolate anionic radicals, and the precursors with nitrate and iodine counterions, are obtained and characterized. [Fe(III)(3-OMe-Sal2trien)][Ni(dmit)2] (1), [Fe(III)(3-OMe-Sal2trien)]NO3·H2O (2), [Fe(III)(3-OMe-Sal2trien)]I (3) (3-OMe-Sal2trien = hexadentate N4O2 Schiff base is the product of the condensation of triethylenetetramine with 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde; H2dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiol). Bulk SCO transition was not achieved in the range 2.0–350 K for all three compounds. Alternatively, the hybrid system (1) exhibited irreversible segregation into the spatial fractions of Low-Spin (LS) and High-Spin (HS) phases of the ferric moiety, induced by thermal cycling. Fractioning was studied using both SQUID and EPR methods. Magnetic properties of the LS and HS phases were analyzed in the framework of cooperative interactions with anionic sublattice: Anion radical layers Ni(dmit)2 (1), and H-bonded chains with NO3 and I (2,3). LS phase of (1) exhibited unusual quasi-two-dimensional conductivity related to the Arrhenius mechanism in the anion radical layers, ρ||c = 2 × 105 Ohm·cm and ρ⊥c = 7 × 102 Ohm·cm at 293 K. Ground spin state of the insulating HS phase was distinctive by ferromagnetically coupled spin pairs of HS Fe3+, S = 5/2, and metal-dithiolate radicals, S = 1/2.
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Jeannin O, Reinheimer EW, Foury-Leylekian P, Pouget JP, Auban-Senzier P, Trzop E, Collet E, Fourmigué M. Decoupling anion-ordering and spin-Peierls transitions in a strongly one-dimensional organic conductor with a chessboard structure, ( o-Me 2TTF) 2NO 3. IUCrJ 2018; 5:361-372. [PMID: 29755752 PMCID: PMC5929382 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518004967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mixed-valence conducting cation radical salt of the unsymmetrically substituted o-Me2TTF donor molecule (TTF is tetrathiafulvalene) was obtained upon electrocrystallization in the presence of the non-centrosymmetric NO3- anion. It crystallizes at room temperature in the monoclinic P21/c space group, with the anion disordered on an inversion centre. The donor molecules are stacked along the a axis. A 90° rotation of the longest molecular axis of o-Me2TTF generates a chessboard-like structure, preventing lateral S⋯S contacts between stacks and providing a strongly one-dimensional electronic system, as confirmed by overlap interaction energies and band structure calculations. A strong dimerization within the stacks explains the semi-conducting behaviour of the salt, with σroom temp = 3-5 S cm-1 and Eactivated = 0.12-0.14 eV. An X-ray diffuse scattering survey of reciprocal space, combined with full structure resolutions at low temperatures (250, 85 and 20 K), evidenced the succession of two structural transitions: a ferroelastic one with an anion-ordering (AO) process and the establishment of a (0, ½, ½) superstructure below 124 (±3) K, also visible via resistivity thermal dependence, followed by a stack tetramerization with the establishment of a (½, ½, ½) superstructure below 90 (±5) K. The latter ground state is driven by a spin-Peierls (SP) instability, as demonstrated by the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. Surprisingly, these two kinds of instability appear to be fully decoupled here, at variance with other tetra-methyl-tetra-thia-fulvalene (TMTTF) or tetramethyl-tetra-selena-fulvalene (TMTSF) salts with such non-centrosymmetric counter-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Jeannin
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Eric W. Reinheimer
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Pascale Foury-Leylekian
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pouget
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Pascale Auban-Senzier
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Elzbieta Trzop
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Eric Collet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes), UMR 6251, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Marc Fourmigué
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
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Kagawa F, Oike H. Quenching of Charge and Spin Degrees of Freedom in Condensed Matter. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1601979. [PMID: 27327878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrons in condensed matter have internal degrees of freedom, such as charge, spin, and orbital, leading to various forms of ordered states through phase transitions. However, in individual materials, a charge/spin/orbital ordered state of the lowest temperature is normally uniquely determined in terms of the lowest-energy state, i.e., the ground state. Here, recent results are summarized showing that under rapid cooling, this principle does not necessarily hold, and thus, the cooling rate is a control parameter of the lowest-temperature state beyond the framework of the thermoequilibrium phase diagram. Although the cooling rate utilized in low-temperature experiments is typically 2 × 10-3 to 4 × 10-1 K s-1 , the use of optical/electronic pulses facilitates rapid cooling, such as 102 -103 K s-1 . Such an unconventionally high cooling rate allows some systems to kinetically avoid a first-order phase transition, resulting in a quenched charge/spin state that differs from the ground state. It is also demonstrated that quenched states can be exploited as a non-volatile state variable when designing phase-change memory functions. The present findings suggest that rapid cooling is useful for exploring and controlling the metastable electronic/magnetic state, which is potentially hidden behind the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Kagawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Oike
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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Beretta D, Barker AJ, Maqueira-Albo I, Calloni A, Bussetti G, Dell'Erba G, Luzio A, Duò L, Petrozza A, Lanzani G, Caironi M. Thermoelectric Properties of Highly Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate Printed Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:18151-18160. [PMID: 28466635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic conductors are being evaluated for potential use in waste heat recovery through lightweight and flexible thermoelectric generators manufactured using cost-effective printing processes. Assessment of the potentiality of organic materials in real devices still requires a deeper understanding of the physics behind their thermoelectric properties, which can pave the way toward further development of the field. This article reports a detailed thermoelectric study of a set of highly conducting inkjet-printed films of commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate formulations characterized by in-plane electrical conductivity, spanning the interval 10-500 S/cm. The power factor is maximized for the formulation showing an intermediate electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient is studied in the framework of Mott's relation, assuming a (semi-)classical definition of the transport function. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy at the Fermi level clearly indicates that the shape of the density of states alone is not sufficient to explain the observed Seebeck coefficient, suggesting that carrier mobility is important in determining both the electrical conductivity and thermopower. Finally, the cross-plane thermal conductivity is reliably extracted thanks to a scaling approach that can be easily performed using typical pump-probe spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Beretta
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Isis Maqueira-Albo
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Giorgio Dell'Erba
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Lamberto Duò
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
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12
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Zhang J, Sun B, Zhao Y, Kretschmer K, Wang G. Modified Tetrathiafulvalene as an Organic Conductor for Improving Performances of Li-O 2 Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8505-8509. [PMID: 28544387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Large over-potentials owing to the sluggish kinetics of battery reactions have always been the drawbacks of Li-O2 batteries, which lead to short cycle life. Although redox mediators have been intensively investigated to overcome this issue, side-reactions are generally induced by the solvated nature of redox mediators. Herein, we report an alternative method to achieve more efficient utilization of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) in Li-O2 batteries. By coordinating TTF+ with LiCl during charging, an organic conductor TTF+ Clx- precipitate covers Li2 O2 to provide an additional electron-transfer pathway on the surface, which can significantly reduce the charge over-potential, improve the energy efficiency of Li-O2 batteries, and eliminate side-reactions between the lithium metal anode and TTF+ . When a porous graphene electrode is used, the Li-O2 battery combined with TTF and LiCl shows an outstanding performance and prolonged cycle life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Katja Kretschmer
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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13
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Hirao Y, Saito T, Kurata H, Kubo T. Isolation of a hydrogen-bonded complex based on the anthranol/anthroxyl pair: formation of a hydrogen-atom self-exchange system. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2402-5. [PMID: 25565433 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bonded complex was successfully isolated as crystals from the anthranol/anthroxyl pair in the self-exchange proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. The anthroxyl radical was stabilized by the introduction of a 9-anthryl group at the carbon atom at the 10-position. The hydrogen-bonded complex with anthranol self-assembled by π-π stacking to form a one-dimensional chain in the crystal. The conformation around the hydrogen bond was similar to that of the theoretically predicted PCET activated complex of the phenol/phenoxyl pair. X-ray crystal analyses revealed the self-exchange of a hydrogen atom via the hydrogen bond, indicating the activation of the self-exchange PCET reaction between anthranol and anthroxyl. Magnetic measurements revealed that magnetic ordering inside the one-dimensional chain caused the inactivation of the self-exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan).
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14
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Koo YS, Galán-Mascarós JR. Spin crossover probes confer multistability to organic conducting polymers. Adv Mater 2014; 26:6785-9. [PMID: 25183547 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Switchable organic conductors can be readily obtained by combining organic conducting polymers (CPs), with the unparalleled bistability of spin crossover (SCO) complexes. Here it is reported how CPs with embedded SCO components exhibit synergic multistability. Upon acting on the SCO probes by external stimuli (thermal activation in this case), the spin transition induces up to a 300% difference in the electrical conductivity of the CP component between the low-spin and high-spin regimes, and with a wide hysteresis at technologically relevant temperatures. These results pave the way for the exploitation of the unique SCO switching capabilities in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sung Koo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Paisos Catalans 16, E-43007, Tarragona, Spain
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15
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Lee JH, Shin DW, Makotchenko VG, Nazarov AS, Fedorov VE, Kim YH, Choi JY, Kim JM, Yoo JB. One-step exfoliation synthesis of easily soluble graphite and transparent conducting graphene sheets. Adv Mater 2009; 21:4383-4387. [PMID: 26042949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Easily soluble expanded graphite is synthesized in a one-step exfoliation process that can be used for the lowcost mass production of graphene for various applications because of the simplicity and speed of the process. The graphene obtained is sufficiently expanded to be dispersed in aqueous solutions with an ordinary surfactant and in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hak Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Victor G Makotchenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospect Novosibirsk, 630090 (Russian Federation)
| | - Albert S Nazarov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospect Novosibirsk, 630090 (Russian Federation)
| | - Vladimir E Fedorov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospect Novosibirsk, 630090 (Russian Federation)
| | - Yu Hee Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering (BK21) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yongin, Gyeonggi, 446-712 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yongin, Gyeonggi, 446-712 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Ji-Beom Yoo
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering (BK21) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea).
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Sarhan AAO, Mohammed OF, Izumi T. Synthesis and redox behavior of new ferrocene-pi-extended-dithiafulvalenes: an approach for anticipated organic conductors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:6. [PMID: 19478912 PMCID: PMC2686315 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of new ferrocene-π-extended-dithiafulvalenes were successfully synthesized as new electron donor compounds. The chemical structures and electrochemical behaviors of these compounds were investigated using several spectroscopic methods. The synthesis of these compounds was achieved using the modified Wittig–Horner cross-coupling reaction using n-BuLi/THF at temperature varies from −78 °C to 0 °C. These new classes of bis(1,3-dithiafulvalene)ferrocenes have the 1,3-dithiole ring system separated by ferrocene as conjugated spacer. The ferrocene-dithiafulvalenes derivatives 9 and 12 were prepared as side products during the synthesis of the targeted compounds as bis(1,3-dithiafulvalene)ferrocenes 8, 10 and 11 in variable yields. The redox properties of the compounds have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry at ambient temperature using tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as the supporting electrolyte compared to ferrocene and the derivative 9. In CH2Cl2 on a Pt working electrode and at ambient temperature, two oxidation waves associated with two reduction waves at scan rates 100 mV s−1 were observed for 9 and 12. In contrast the anodic peak potential of bis(1,3-dithiafulvalene)ferrocenes 8, 10 and 11 exhibited two and three oxidation waves associated with two reduction waves.
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