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Fairfield H, Falank C, Harris E, Demambro V, McDonald M, Pettitt JA, Mohanty ST, Croucher P, Kramer I, Kneissel M, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. The skeletal cell-derived molecule sclerostin drives bone marrow adipogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1156-1167. [PMID: 28460416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche is a dynamic and complex microenvironment that can both regulate, and be regulated by the bone matrix. Within the bone marrow (BM), mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) precursors reside in a multi-potent state and retain the capacity to differentiate down osteoblastic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in response to numerous biochemical cues. These signals can be altered in various pathological states including, but not limited to, osteoporotic-induced fracture, systemic adiposity, and the presence of bone-homing cancers. Herein we provide evidence that signals from the bone matrix (osteocytes) determine marrow adiposity by regulating adipogenesis in the bone marrow. Specifically, we found that physiologically relevant levels of Sclerostin (SOST), which is a Wnt-inhibitory molecule secreted from bone matrix-embedded osteocytes, can induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, mouse ear- and BM-derived MSCs, and human BM-derived MSCs. We demonstrate that the mechanism of SOST induction of adipogenesis is through inhibition of Wnt signaling in pre-adipocytes. We also demonstrate that a decrease of sclerostin in vivo, via both genetic and pharmaceutical methods, significantly decreases bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) formation. Overall, this work demonstrates a direct role for SOST in regulating fate determination of BM-adipocyte progenitors. This provides a novel mechanism for which BMAT is governed by the local bone microenvironment, which may prove relevant in the pathogenesis of certain diseases involving marrow adipose. Importantly, with anti-sclerostin therapy at the forefront of osteoporosis treatment and a greater recognition of the role of BMAT in disease, these data are likely to have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Demambro
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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