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Koch A, Kirschbaum F, Moritz T. Ontogeny reveals the origin of Gemminger bones in Mormyridae. J Anat 2023; 243:1024-1030. [PMID: 37491873 PMCID: PMC10641036 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mormyridae are well known and intensively studied for their weak electric organ discharges, which facilitate communication and orientation. The Gemminger bones of Mormyridae are located next to the electrical organ in the caudal peduncle; however, they have not attracted much interest until recently. Therefore, we investigated the diversity of Gemminger bones in mormyrids and studied their ontogenetic development in Mormyrus rume proboscirostris. Gemminger bones are paired, thin, elongated ossifications lying on the dorsal and ventral sides of the caudal peduncle, and usually reach anterior well below the dorsal and anal fin bases. Ontogeny revealed that they are not intermuscular ossifications, as suspected based on the anatomical position of this structure and the systematic position of the mormyrids. Instead, they are membrane ossifications that originate from the fin stays of the dorsal and anal fins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Koch
- Deutsches MeeresmuseumStralsundGermany
- Institute of Biological SciencesUniversity RostockRostockGermany
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Faculty of Life ScienceHumboldt‐University zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Timo Moritz
- Deutsches MeeresmuseumStralsundGermany
- Institute of Biological SciencesUniversity RostockRostockGermany
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Vialle RA, de Souza JES, Lopes KDP, Teixeira DG, Alves Sobrinho PDA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos AM, Furtado C, Sakamoto T, Oliveira Silva FA, Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira E, Hamoy IG, Assumpção PP, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Santos Lima JPM, Seuánez HN, de Souza SJ, Santos S. Whole Genome Sequencing of the Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) Supports Independent Emergence of Major Teleost Clades. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:2366-2379. [PMID: 29982381 PMCID: PMC6143160 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is one of the world's largest freshwater fishes and member of the superorder Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues), one of the oldest lineages of ray-finned fishes. This species is an obligate air-breather found in the basin of the Amazon River with an attractive potential for aquaculture. Its phylogenetic position among bony fishes makes the Pirarucu a relevant subject for evolutionary studies of early teleost diversification. Here, we present, for the first time, a draft genome version of the A. gigas genome, providing useful information for further functional and evolutionary studies. The A. gigas genome was assembled with 103-Gb raw reads sequenced in an Illumina platform. The final draft genome assembly was ∼661 Mb, with a contig N50 equal to 51.23 kb and scaffold N50 of 668 kb. Repeat sequences accounted for 21.69% of the whole genome, and a total of 24,655 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome assembly, with an average of nine exons per gene. Phylogenomic analysis based on 24 fish species supported the postulation that Osteoglossomorpha and Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, and bonefishes) are sister groups, both forming a sister lineage with respect to Clupeocephala (remaining teleosts). Divergence time estimations suggested that Osteoglossomorpha and Elopomorpha lineages emerged independently in a period of ∼30 Myr in the Jurassic. The draft genome of A. gigas provides a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of evolutionary studies and may also offer a valuable data for economic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção Vialle
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes Teixeira
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - André M Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Departmento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carolina Furtado
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Guerreiro Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Matos Santos Lima
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Héctor N Seuánez
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – BioME, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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