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Bk P, Panwar H, Joshi D, Asati D, Chaurasia JK, Vamseekrishna D, Rathinam BA, Kapoor N. Diagnostic Utility of Direct Immunofluorescence on Paraffin-Embedded Skin Biopsy Samples for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Lesions. Cureus 2024; 16:e56916. [PMID: 38665766 PMCID: PMC11042922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune vesiculobullous diseases (AIBDs) are a group of diseases characterized by blisters of the skin/mucosa due to the presence of circulating autoantibodies against antigens in the epidermis or the dermo-epidermal junction. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgC3, and IgA on fresh-frozen tissue is the gold standard diagnostic test for AIBDs. However, DIF in the absence of frozen tissue is challenging for the diagnosis of AIBDs. This study aimed to analyze the practical utility of DIF using paraffin-embedded skin biopsy rather than fresh frozen tissue for the diagnosis of AIBDs. Methodology This cross-sectional comparative study included 30 cases of AIBDs. DIF for IgG and IgA was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue (PE-DIF) after proteinase digestion on histopathologically confirmed 15 pemphigus vulgaris (PV), three pemphigus foliaceous (PF), four bullous pemphigoid (BP), three dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), three subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SCPD), and one case each of linear IgA disease and pemphigoid gestationis (PG). PE-DIF staining pattern was compared with the DIF on fresh frozen tissue (FF-DIF). Results All cases of PV and PF showed an intercellular IgG chicken wire staining pattern similar to FF-DIF. However, background staining was more intense in PV cases while less intense in PF cases. Three BP cases showed linear IgG staining in PE-DIF. DH, SCPD, linear IgA disease, and PG cases did not show IgG positivity. Out of three DH cases, two cases showed granular IgA positivity while linear IgA positivity along the basement membrane was seen in a single case of linear IgA disease. Negative IgG staining was observed in SCPD. Immunofluorescence in PE-DIF was rapidly deteriorating than in FF-DIF. Conclusions DIF done on paraffin-embedded tissue can be used as a supplement and salvage technique with histopathology for the diagnosis of AIBDs, particularly when a cryostat facility for frozen tissue is not available and the patient is unable to undergo a second biopsy procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Hemlata Panwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Dinesh Asati
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Jai K Chaurasia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Dega Vamseekrishna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Bertha A Rathinam
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Neelkamal Kapoor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
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Hiramatsu K, Matsuda C, Masago K, Toriyama K, Sasaki E, Fujita Y, Haneda M, Ebi H, Shibata N, Hosoda W. Diagnostic utility of DNA integrity number as an indicator of sufficient DNA quality in next-generation sequencing-based genomic profiling. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 160:261-267. [PMID: 37167067 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA integrity number (DIN) is a metric for assessing DNA degradation, calculated based on electrophoresis using the Agilent TapeStation System. The utility of DIN as a diagnostic indicator of sufficient DNA quality in clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) has not been well described. METHODS We evaluated the DINs of 166 tumor formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples submitted for 124-gene panel sequencing. We also investigated a new metric on the electropherogram that could improve the predictive accuracy of the DIN. RESULTS A DIN cutoff of 2.5 discriminated samples with successful analysis (n = 143) from samples with failed analysis (n = 23), with a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.78 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88). The DIN was positively correlated with the mean coverage (r = 0.72, P < .0001) but could not discriminate success from failure when the DIN was below 2.5 (negative predictive value, 0.44). We introduced a new metric, the peak/base ratio, that distinguished success from failure with higher accuracy than the DIN (cutoff = 1.6; sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.83, and AUC =0.96). CONCLUSIONS To predict successful NGS, the DNA quality of FFPE tissue can be easily and reliably assessed using the DIN and peak/base ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Hiramatsu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Masago
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toriyama
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujita
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Haneda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
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de Sousa DRT, da Silva Neto JR, da Silva RM Jr, Cruz KS, Poppert S, Frickmann H, Souza JVB. Identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii with Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Patient Samples-A Proof-of-Principle. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 35049953 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In resource-limited settings, where pneumocystosis in immunocompromised patients is infrequently observed, cost-efficient, reliable, and sensitive approaches for the diagnostic identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii in human tissue samples are desirable. Here, an in-house fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was comparatively evaluated against Grocott’s staining as a reference standard with 30 paraffin-embedded tissue samples as well as against in-house real-time PCR with 30 respiratory secretions from immunocompromised patients with clinical suspicion of pneumocystosis. All pneumocystosis patients included in the study suffered from HIV/AIDS. Compared with Grocott’s staining as the reference standard, sensitivity of the FISH assay was 100% (13/13), specificity was 41% (7/17), and the overall concordance was 66.7% with tissue samples. With respiratory specimens, sensitivity was 83.3% (10/12), specificity was 100% (18/18), and the overall concordance was 93.3% as compared with real-time PCR. It remained unresolved to which proportions sensitivity limitations of Grocott’s staining or autofluorescence phenomena affecting the FISH assay accounted for the recorded reduced specificity with the tissue samples. The assessment confirmed Pneumocystis FISH in lung tissue as a highly sensitive screening approach; however, dissatisfying specificity in paraffin-embedded biopsies calls for confirmatory testing with other techniques in case of positive FISH screening results. In respiratory secretions, acceptable sensitivity and excellent specificity were demonstrated for the diagnostic application of the P. jirovecii-specific FISH assay.
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Ciancia S, Lucantonio A, Vannozzi L, Pedrazzini GA, Ricotti L. Thermal Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Blocks for Anatomic Pathology Processes. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1105244. [PMID: 33764437 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We analyze temperature dynamics in anatomic pathology samples to identify the most efficient refrigeration method and to predict the time available for optimal sectioning before sample heating, thus getting appropriate information for a correct diagnosis by anatomopathologists. A thermal finite element (FE) analysis was carried out with comsolmultiphysics to evaluate temperature variations in paraffin-embedded tissues, i.e., muscle, bone and fat, and the corresponding thermal stresses. Experiments with different tissues and thermocouple-based measurements allowed validating the FE simulations. Simulations allowed to estimate the time needed to bring the sample at the optimal temperature for sectioning (-8 to -4 °C) in different conditions: refrigeration on a cold plate, refrigeration in a cooled environment, and refrigeration in an environment with forced convection. Among the three cooling methods tested, the forced convection at -20 °C and with an air-flow speed of 5 m/s resulted in the shortest cooling time. As compared to the other methods, thermal stresses can be modulated by varying the air-flow speed. For the different conditions, the time needed for the surface of the tissue block to exit from a temperature corresponding to an optimal cutting, when leaving the sample exposed to room temperature after refrigeration, ranged from 12 to 310 s. We quantify the time needed to adequately refrigerate paraffin-embedded tissue samples and the time available before they leave the optimal temperature window for sectioning. We also evaluate the maximum stress attained in the paraffin block during the cooling and the heating transients. This information will help optimize anatomic pathology processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ciancia
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucantonio
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Ricotti
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56127, Italy
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Nguyen DT, Larsen TC, Wang M, Knutsen RH, Yang Z, Bennett EE, Mazilu D, Yu ZX, Tao X, Donahue DR, Gharib AM, Bleck CKE, Moss J, Remaley AT, Kozel BA, Wen H. X-ray microtomosynthesis of unstained pathology tissue samples. J Microsc 2021; 283:9-20. [PMID: 33482682 PMCID: PMC8248055 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In pathology protocols, a tissue block, such as one containing a mouse brain or a biopsy sample from a patient, can produce several hundred thin sections. Substantial time may be required to analyse all sections. In cases of uncertainty regarding which sections to focus on, noninvasive scout imaging of intact blocks can help in guiding the pathology procedure. The scouting step is ideally done in a time window of minutes without special sample preparation that may interfere with the pathology procedures. The challenge is to obtain some visibility of unstained tissue structures at sub‐10 µm resolution. We explored a novel x‐ray tomosynthesis method as a way to maximise contrast‐to‐noise ratio, a determinant of tissue visibility. It provided a z‐stack of thousands of images at 7.3 μm resolution (10% contrast, half‐period of 68.5 line pairs/mm), in scans of 5‐15 minutes. When compared with micro‐CT scans, the straight‐line tomosynthesis scan did not need to rotate the sample, which allowed flat samples, such as paraffin blocks, to be kept as close as possible to the x‐ray source. Thus, given the same hardware, scan time and resolution, this mode maximised the photon flux density through the sample, which helped in maximising the contrast‐to‐noise ratio. The tradeoff of tomosynthesis is incomplete 3D information. The microtomosynthesis scanner has scanned 110 unstained human and animal tissue samples as part of their respective pathology protocols. In all cases, the z‐stack of images showed tissue structures that guided sectioning or provided correlative structural information. We describe six examples that presented different levels of visibility of soft tissue structures. Additionally, in a set of coronary artery samples from an HIV patient donor, microtomosynthesis made a new discovery of isolated focal calcification in the internal elastic lamina of coronary wall, which was the onset of medial calcific sclerosis in the arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Nguyen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Muyang Wang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Russel H Knutsen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric E Bennett
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dumitru Mazilu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xi Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel Moss
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Han Wen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kuhn BK, Barresi F, Dressel H, Vrugt B. Discrepancies of asbestos body and fiber content between formalin-fixed and corresponding paraffin embedded lung tissue. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 33:18-24. [PMID: 33322958 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1860167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks containing peripheral lung tissue obtained from subjects with an occupational asbestos exposure are both regarded to be suitable to determine asbestos load. Because sample preparation of paraffin blocks requires a more intense treatment than formalin-fixed tissue, we tested whether asbestos analysis of formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks obtained from the same patients deliver comparable results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined numbers of asbestos bodies (AB) and amphibole asbestos fibers (AF) in formalin-fixed lung tissue and corresponding paraffin blocks from 36 patients. For AB counts, samples were digested in sodium hypochlorite. For AF analysis, tissue was freeze-dried and then ashed. Results were reported as numbers of AB and AF per gram dry lung tissue. RESULTS Both AB counts as well as AF counts were lower in paraffin blocks than formalin-fixed lung tissue. Compared to formalin-fixed tissue, the limit of detection was higher for paraffin blocks, rendering more results from paraffin blocks not interpretable than from formalin-fixed tissue (8 samples versus 1 for AB and 15 samples versus 4 for AF). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Asbestos analysis of paraffin blocks may lead to underestimation of asbestos exposure. This should be considered when assessing occupational asbestos exposure through lung dust analysis in medico-legal evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Kuhn
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Barresi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Dressel
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Solomon IH, Lin C, Horback KL, Kanjilal S, Rojas-Rudilla V, Brigl M, Laga AC, Lindeman NI, Padera RF. Utility of Histologic and Histochemical Screening for 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for Bacterial Endocarditis. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:431-437. [PMID: 31172185 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing is a powerful but expensive tool for the identification of bacteria in culture-negative endocarditis. Histologic criteria to screen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens for testing are evaluated. METHODS Sixty-eight cases of infective endocarditis and controls were histologically reviewed and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Sequencing identified a specific pathogenic organism in 33 (49%) of 68 cases with acute inflammation and in 0 of 10 controls (P = .004). Visualization of organisms by Gram or Grocott methenamine silver stains had the strongest association with positive sequencing, while antibiotic treatment effect and acid decalcification decreased sensitivity. Molecular identifications were concordant with blood culture results in 90% of the cases, and a positive sequencing result was obtained in approximately half of the cases with negative valve cultures. CONCLUSIONS Histologic screening criteria are extremely helpful for identifying cases likely to be positive by molecular testing and can provide significant cost savings in filtering out low-yield specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac H Solomon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chieyu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katharine L Horback
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanjat Kanjilal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vanesa Rojas-Rudilla
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manfred Brigl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Yang MC, Chien ST, Yang TF, Lin SY, Lee TM, Hong YR. Downregulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic Chibby is associated with advanced cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6632-6644. [PMID: 29181101 PMCID: PMC5696723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chibby has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor and antagonist to β-catenin, thereby controlling the Wnt signaling pathway. Chibby is typically downregulated in numerous types of cancer and may be associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed at clarifying the following: i) Whether Chibby antagonizes β-catenin in cervical cancer; ii) whether Chibby and β-catenin mRNA expression is associated with cancer progression; and iii) whether Chibby and β-catenin expression may be used as a biomarker. A total of 87 paraffin-embedded cervical sections with distinct cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) stages (chronic cervicitis, CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and invasive squamous cell carcinoma) were collected between June 2004 and October 2012 The mRNA expression level of Chibby and β-catenin was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression and cellular localization of Chibby and β-catenin were determined using immunohistochemistry. Chibby and β-catenin were analyzed for possible association with the progression of cervical cancer. Chibby mRNA expression and the Chibby/β-catenin ratio were identified to be downregulated in invasive tumors. Positive cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for Chibby was associated with CIN staging and decreased as the CIN stage increased. In addition, the cytoplasmic and membrane intensity of β-catenin was associated with invasive tumors, in which a significantly increased level of protein expression was detected. Chibby may be a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer, since the dysregulation of Chibby expression is associated with tumorigenesis in cervical cancer. Chibby and β-catenin expression together may potentially to a biomarker for disease progression in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Laboratory of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shang-Tao Chien
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Feng Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Min Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Arrieta-Aguirre I, Menéndez-Manjón P, Cuétara MS, López-Soria L, García-Ruiz JC, Moragues MD. Molecular Identification of Saprochaete capitata in Human Blood and Paraffinized Tissue Samples. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2556-9. [PMID: 28592551 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00876-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Serie DJ, Joseph RW, Cheville JC, Ho TH, Parasramka M, Hilton T, Thompson RH, Leibovich BC, Parker AS, Eckel-Passow JE. Clear Cell Type A and B Molecular Subtypes in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Tumor Heterogeneity and Aggressiveness. Eur Urol 2016; 71:979-985. [PMID: 27899233 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumor molecular heterogeneity has been reported for primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors; however, heterogeneity in metastatic ccRCC tumors has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate intra- and intertumor molecular heterogeneity in resected metastatic ccRCC tumors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We identified 111 patients who had tissue available from their primary tumor and at least one metastasis. ClearCode34 genes were analyzed for all tumors. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Primary and metastatic tumors were classified as clear cell type A (ccA) or B (ccB) subtypes. Logistic and Cox regression were used to evaluate associations with pathologic features and survival. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Intratumor heterogeneity of ccA/ccB subtypes was observed in 22% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3-60%) of metastatic tumors. Subtype differed across longitudinal metastatic tumors from the same patient in 23% (95% CI 10-42%) of patients and across patient-matched primary and metastatic tumors in 43% (95% CI 32-55%) of patients. Association of subtype with survival was validated in primary ccRCC tumors. The ccA/ccB subtype in metastatic tumors was significantly associated with metastatic tumor location, metastatic tumor grade, and presence of tumor necrosis. A limitation of this study is that we only analyzed patients who had both a nephrectomy and metastasectomy. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one quarter of metastatic tumors displayed intratumor heterogeneity; a similar rate of heterogeneity was observed across longitudinal metastatic tumors. Thus, for biomarker studies it is likely adequate to analyze a single sample per metastatic tumor provided that pathologic review is incorporated into the study design. Subtypes across patient-matched primary and metastatic tumors differed 43% of the time, suggesting that the primary tumor is not a good surrogate for the metastatic tumor. PATIENT SUMMARY Primary and secondary/metastatic cancers of the kidney differed in nearly one half of ccRCC patients. The pattern of this relationship may affect tumor growth and the most suitable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Richard W Joseph
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John C Cheville
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Mansi Parasramka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tracy Hilton
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander S Parker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Abstract
The pathogenic potential of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was recently described, and their detection in tissue could serve as a prognostic marker. NETs are delicate and filigree structures; hence good tissue preservation is essential for their detection. Indeed, analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue has proven superior to the study of cryo sections. Though, under favorable conditions, the presence of NETs can be detected in tissue sections stained with histological dyes, definitive identification of NETs needs the colocalization of immunofluorescent signals for both nuclear and granular (or cytoplasmic) NET components. We tested diverse antigen retrieval methods and various combinations of commercially available antibodies and present here staining protocols to detect NETs in human and murine tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ulrike Abu Abed
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Goosmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology , Berlin , Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology , Berlin , Germany
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12
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Ozturk T, Kucukhuseyin O, Eronat AP, Tuzuner MB, Daglar-Aday A, Saygili N, Kisakesen HI, Seyhan F, Velidedeoğlu M, Calay Z, Ilvan Ş, Yilmaz-Aydoğan H, Ozturk O, Isbir T. Preliminary Study: Prominent miRNAs of Breast Malignant Tissues Compared to Normal Tissues in Turkish Patients with Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:5425-5432. [PMID: 26408705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
miRNA involvement has been observed in almost every type of cancer, including breast cancer. The etiology of abnormal expression of miRNAs in cancer is still not clearly understood. In order to obtain insight into miRNA de-regulation in breast cancer, we analyzed expression levels of five breast cancer-related miRNAs, miRNA21, miRNA155, miRNA19a, miRNA17-5p and let7a miRNA, in both malignant and neighboring non-tumoral paraffin-embedded tissues of 47 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The targeted miRNAs, and a reference snRNA, U6, were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. let7a Levels were significantly lower in patients with lymphatic invasion than in those without (p=0.047). miR21 was down-regulated in 93.3% of patients with necrosis [p=0.017 (Fisher's exact test (FE))], while at least one oncogenic miRNA was up-regulated in 87.3% of the patients with invasive ductal carcinoma [p=0.009 (FE)]. In addition, tumor-suppressor miRNA was down-regulated or unaltered in 65.8% of the patients with tumor grade 2 or 3 and in all with grade 1 [p=0.047 (FE)]. Based on this preliminary study, we suggest that these miRNAs, especially let7a and miRNA21, might be useful markers in follow-up of breast cancer and in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Ozturk
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kucukhuseyin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Allison Pinar Eronat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mete Bora Tuzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Daglar-Aday
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Saygili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Kisakesen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Seyhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Velidedeoğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Calay
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şennur Ilvan
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yilmaz-Aydoğan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgar Isbir
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Kotani O, Iwata‐Yoshikawa N, Suzuki T, Sato Y, Nakajima N, Koike S, Iwasaki T, Sata T, Yamashita T, Minagawa H, Taguchi F, Hasegawa H, Shimizu H, Nagata N. Establishment of a panel of in-house polyclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of enterovirus infections. Neuropathology 2015; 35:107-21. [PMID: 25263613 PMCID: PMC7168124 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a reliable method of virus detection for the diagnosis of critical enterovirus infections such as acute infective encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myocarditis. Because histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of paraffin-embedded tissues play an important role in recognizing infectious agents in tissue samples, six in-house polyclonal antibodies raised against three representative enteroviruses using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry were examined. This panel of polyclonal antibodies recognized three serotypes of enterovirus. Two of the polyclonal antibodies were raised against denatured virus particles from enterovirus A71, one was raised against the recombinant VP1 protein of coxsackievirus B3, and the other for poliovirus type 1 were raised against denatured virus particles, the recombinant VP1 protein and peptide 2C. Western blot analysis revealed that each of these antibodies recognized the corresponding viral antigen and none cross-reacted with non-enteroviruses within the family Picornaviridae. However, all cross-reacted to some extent with the antigens derived from other serotypes of enterovirus. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry revealed that the virus capsid and non-structural proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of affected culture cells, and skeletal muscles and neurons in neonatal mice experimentally-infected with human enterovirus. The antibodies also recognized antigens derived from recent clinical isolates of enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus B3 and poliovirus. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that representative antibodies tested showed the same recognition pattern according to each serotype. Thus, the panel of in-house anti-enterovirus polyclonal antibodies described herein will be an important tool for the screening and pathological diagnosis for enterovirus infections, and may be useful for the classification of different enterovirus serotypes, including coxsackieviruses A and B, echoviruses, enterovirus A71 and poliovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kotani
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
- Department of Virology and Viral InfectionsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityAichiJapan
| | | | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Neurovirology ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceAichiJapan
| | - Takuya Iwasaki
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Tetsutaro Sata
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Teruo Yamashita
- Department of Microbiology and Medical ZoologyAichi Prefectural Institute of Public HealthAichiJapan
| | - Hiroko Minagawa
- Department of Microbiology and Medical ZoologyAichi Prefectural Institute of Public HealthAichiJapan
| | - Fumihiro Taguchi
- Department of Virology and Viral InfectionsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAichiJapan
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14
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Davis AS, Richter A, Becker S, Moyer JE, Sandouk A, Skinner J, Taubenberger JK. Characterizing and Diminishing Autofluorescence in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Human Respiratory Tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:405-423. [PMID: 24722432 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414531549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue autofluorescence frequently hampers visualization of immunofluorescent markers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded respiratory tissues. We assessed nine treatments reported to have efficacy in reducing autofluorescence in other tissue types. The three most efficacious were Eriochrome black T, Sudan black B and sodium borohydride, as measured using white light laser confocal Λ2 (multi-lambda) analysis. We also assessed the impact of steam antigen retrieval and serum application on human tracheal tissue autofluorescence. Functionally fitting this Λ2 data to 2-dimensional Gaussian surfaces revealed that steam antigen retrieval and serum application contribute minimally to autofluorescence and that the three treatments are disparately efficacious. Together, these studies provide a set of guidelines for diminishing autofluorescence in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human respiratory tissue. Additionally, these characterization techniques are transferable to similar questions in other tissue types, as demonstrated on frozen human liver tissue and paraffin-embedded mouse lung tissue fixed in different fixatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sally Davis
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Anke Richter
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Steven Becker
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Jenna E Moyer
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section (ASD, JEM, AS, JKT), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandBioimaging Section, Research Technology Branch (SB), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandLaboratory of Immunogenetics (JS), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandDefense Resources Management Institute, School of International Graduate Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (AR)Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (ASD)
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15
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Davies MP, Gibbs FE, Halliwell N, Joyce KA, Roebuck MM, Rossi ML, Salisbury J, Sibson DR, Tacconi L, Walker C. Mutation in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in archival low grade and high grade gliomas. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:1542-8. [PMID: 10188904 PMCID: PMC2362705 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene, located on 10q23.3, has recently been described as a candidate tumour suppressor gene that may be important in the development of advanced cancers, including gliomas. We have investigated mutation in the PTEN gene by direct sequence analysis of PCR products amplified from samples microdissected from 19 low grade (WHO Grade I and II) and 27 high grade (WHO grade III and IV) archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gliomas. Eleven genetic variants in ten tumours have been identified. Eight of these are DNA sequence changes that could affect the encoded protein and were present in 0/2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 0/2 oligoastrocytomas, 0/1 oligodendroglioma, 0/14 astrocytomas, 3/13 (23%) anaplastic astrocytomas and 5/14 (36%) glioblastomas. PTEN mutations were found exclusively in high grade gliomas; this finding was statistically significant. Only two of the PTEN genetic variants have been reported in other studies; two of the genetic changes are in codons in which mutations have not been found previously. The results of this study indicate that mutation in the PTEN gene is present only in histologically more aggressive gliomas, may be associated with the transition from low histological grade to anaplasia, but is absent from the majority of high grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Davies
- JK Douglas Cancer Research Laboratory, Clatterbridge Hospital, Bebington, Merseyside, UK
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