Improving subject recruitment, retention, and participation in research through Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations

Recruitment and retention of persons participating in research is one of the most significant challenges faced by investigators. Although incentives are often used to improve recruitment and retention, evidence suggests that the relationship of the patient to study personnel may be the single, most important factor in subject accrual and continued participation. Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations provides a framework to study the nurse-patient relationship during the research process. In this paper the authors provide a brief summary of research strategies that have been used for the recruitment and retention of subjects and an overview of Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations including its use in research studies. In addition, a discussion of how this theory was used for the successful recruitment and retention of women with type 2 diabetes who participated in a clinical trial using a nurse-delivered psychoeducational intervention for depression is addressed.

Hildegard Peplau's Theory and the Health Care Encounters of Survivors of Sexual Violence

BACKGROUND

Individuals who experience sexual violence often seek services in a variety of health care settings. Although research indicates that survivors often report that interactions with health care professionals are distressing, little is known about what renders these encounters helpful or hurtful.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to use Hildegard Peplau's (1952) conceptualization of nurses' helping roles (i.e., stranger, resource person, teacher, leadership, surrogate, counselor, technical expert) in nurse-client interactions to explore how survivors of sexual violence perceive their encounters with health care professionals.

STUDY DESIGN

Content analysis was conducted on the transcripts of 60 minimally structured interviews in which participants discussed their experiences of sexual violence.

RESULTS

The results revealed that the helping roles of counselor and technical expert, as identified by Peplau, were most important to survivors of sexual violence. Regardless of role, participants perceived health care professionals to be helpful when they exhibited interpersonal sensitivity, especially in regard to the participants' experiences with violence.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings indicate that health care professionals need to maintain an attentive and compassionate stance when working with survivors of sexual violence. Those who serve in a counselor role need to create an atmosphere of trust so that clients may explore in depth how violence has affected their lives. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(2) , 136-143. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308315613.