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Porpora MG, Lucchini R, Abballe A, Ingelido AM, Valentini S, Fuggetta E, Cardi V, Ticino A, Marra V, Fulgenzi AR, Felip ED. Placental transfer of persistent organic pollutants: a preliminary study on mother-newborn pairs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 10:699-711. [PMID: 23435591 PMCID: PMC3635171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the placental transfer of some environmental pollutants, and to explore the possibility of quantitatively predicting in utero exposure to these contaminants from concentrations assessed in maternal blood. Levels of toxic substances such as pesticides (p,p'-DDE, β-HCH, and HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were determined in serum samples of 38 pregnant women living in Rome and in samples of cord blood from their respective newborns. The study was carried out in the years 2008-2009. PCB mean concentrations in maternal serum and cord serum ranged from 0.058 to 0.30, and from 0.018 to 0.064 ng/g · fw respectively. Arithmetic means of PFOS and PFOA concentrations in mothers and newborns were 3.2 and 1.4 ng/g · fw, and 2.9 and 1.6 ng/g · fw. A strong correlation was observed between concentrations in the maternal and the foetal compartment for PFOS (Spearman r = 0.74, p < 0.001), PFOA (Spearman r = 0.70, p < 0.001), PCB 153 (Spearman r = 0.60, p < 0.001), HCB (Spearman r = 0.68, p < 0.001), PCB 180 (Spearman r = 0.55, p = 0.0012), and p,p'-DDE (Spearman r = 0.53, p = 0.0099). A weak correlation (p < 0.1) was observed for PCBs 118 and 138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Porpora
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.P.); (E.F.); (V.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Renato Lucchini
- Perinatology and Childcare, “Sapienza” University Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Annalisa Abballe
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Anna Maria Ingelido
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Silvia Valentini
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Eliana Fuggetta
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.P.); (E.F.); (V.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Veronica Cardi
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.P.); (E.F.); (V.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Adele Ticino
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.P.); (E.F.); (V.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Valentina Marra
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Anna Rita Fulgenzi
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Elena De Felip
- Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of the Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (A.A.); (A.M.I.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (A.R.F.); (E.D.F.)
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White SS, Stanko JP, Kato K, Calafat AM, Hines EP, Fenton SE. Gestational and chronic low-dose PFOA exposures and mammary gland growth and differentiation in three generations of CD-1 mice. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:1070-6. [PMID: 21501981 PMCID: PMC3237341 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a ubiquitous industrial surfactant, has been reported to delay mammary gland development in female mouse offspring (F1) and the treated lactating dam (P0) after gestational treatments at 3 and 5 mg PFOA/kg/day. OBJECTIVE We investigated the consequences of gestational and chronic PFOA exposure on F1 lactational function and subsequent development of F2 offspring. METHODS We treated P0 dams with 0, 1, or 5 mg PFOA/kg/day on gestation days 1-17. In addition, a second group of P0 dams treated with 0 or 1 mg/kg/day during gestation and their F1 and F2 offspring received continuous PFOA exposure (5 ppb) in drinking water. Resulting adult F1 females were bred to generate F2 offspring, whose development was monitored over postnatal days (PNDs) 1-63. F1 gland function was assessed on PND10 by timed-lactation experiments. Mammary tissue was isolated from P0, F1, and F2 females throughout the study and histologically assessed for age-appropriate development. RESULTS PFOA-exposed F1 dams exhibited diminished lactational morphology, although F1 maternal behavior and F2 offspring body weights were not significantly affected by P0 treatment. In addition to reduced gland development in F1 females under all exposures, F2 females with chronic low-dose drinking-water exposures exhibited visibly slowed mammary gland differentiation from weaning onward. F2 females derived from 5 mg/kg PFOA-treated P0 dams displayed gland morphology similar to F2 chronic water exposure groups on PNDs 22-63. CONCLUSIONS Gestational PFOA exposure induced delays in mammary gland development and/or lactational differentiation across three generations. Chronic, low-dose PFOA exposure in drinking water was also sufficient to alter mammary morphological development in mice, at concentrations approximating those found in contaminated human water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S White
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Hoffman K, Webster TF, Weisskopf MG, Weinberg J, Vieira VM. Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children 12-15 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:1762-7. [PMID: 20551004 PMCID: PMC3002197 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been widely used in consumer products. Exposures in the United States and in world populations are widespread. PFC exposures have been linked to various health impacts, and data in animals suggest that PFCs may be potential developmental neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the associations between exposures to four PFCs and parental report of diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 for children 12-15 years of age. Parental report of a previous diagnosis by a doctor or health care professional of ADHD in the child was the primary outcome measure. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels were measured in serum samples from each child. RESULTS Parents reported that 48 of 571 children included in the analysis had been diagnosed with ADHD. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for parentally reported ADHD in association with a 1-μg/L increase in serum PFOS (modeled as a continuous predictor) was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.05]. Adjusted ORs for 1-μg/L increases in PFOA and PFHxS were also statistically significant (PFOA: OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23; PFHxS: OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11), and we observed a nonsignificant positive association with PFNA (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.86-2.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results, using cross-sectional data, are consistent with increased odds of ADHD in children with higher serum PFC levels. Given the extremely prevalent exposure to PFCs, follow-up of these data with cohort studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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