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Abstract
Successful tissue engineering therapies rely on the appropriate selection of the cell source, biomaterial, and regulatory factors. To be applied in a wide range of clinical applications, the ideal cell source needs to be easily accessible and abundant. Human orofacial tissues and teeth harbor several populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities. The ease of access, relative abundance, and minimally invasive isolation procedures needed to harvest most types of the dental-derived MSCs render them a promising cell source for tissue engineering applications. A growing body of evidence has reported the profound immunoregulatory potential of dental-derived MSCs as compared with their bone marrow counterparts. Biomaterials can act as a physical barrier protecting the MSCs from the invasion of the immune system by hindering penetration of proinflammatory cells/cytokines, leading to higher viability of the encapsulated MSCs and improved tissue regeneration. Besides their protective capabilities, biomaterials can actively contribute to the immunoregulatory potential of the MSCs through their physical and chemical properties, including porosity and elasticity. However, despite recent advancement, the therapeutic capability of biomaterials to regulate the MSC-host immune system crosstalk and the mechanism underlying this immunoregulation has been poorly understood. It has been reported that biomaterials can regulate the viability and determine the fate of the encapsulated MSCs through modulation of the NF-kB pathway and the caspase-3 and caspase-8 proapoptotic cascades. Additionally, the physiomechanical properties of the encapsulating biomaterial have been shown to modulate clustering of TNF-α receptors on the encapsulated MSCs while regulating the production of anti-inflammatory factors such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through activation of the P38 MAPK pathway. In the current review, we sought to provide a thorough overview of the immunomodulatory functions of dental-derived MSCs and the role of biomaterials in their interplay with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pouraghaei Sevari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang Y, Ding P, Xu H, Li Q, Guo J, Liao X, Shi B. Advanced X-ray Shielding Materials Enabled by the Coordination of Well-Dispersed High Atomic Number Elements in Natural Leather. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:19916-19926. [PMID: 32237713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, X-rays are playing increasingly important roles in daily life and industrial manufacture, which calls for effective and mobile shielding materials. However, it seems to be a paradox to prepare shielding materials simultaneously achieving excellent X-ray attenuation properties and superior mechanical strength. Here, an advanced leather-based X-ray shielding material containing bismuth and iodine (BiINP-LM) is prepared, and the stable and well-dispersed loading of high-Z element components is enabled by favorable interactions between bismuth iodide and leather, i.e., coordination, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic attractions. A piece of BiINP-LM with 1.00 mm thickness displays an excellent X-ray attenuation efficiency of more than 90% in the photon energy range below 50 keV and 65% at 83 keV, which averagely exceeds ∼3% than that of the 0.25 mm lead plate and ∼5% than that of the 0.65 mm commercial lead apron. Additionally, the coordination between bismuth and leather provides an enhanced tensile and tear strength of ∼10-fold and 3-fold compared with the lead apron. It is worth mentioning that BiINP-LM also displays extra high water-vapor permeability, which is ∼50-fold more than the lead apron. Overall, this work opens up a new prospect for preparing advanced X-ray shielding materials with both excellent X-ray attenuation and outstanding physiomechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Ding
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, P.R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Junling Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuepin Liao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Bi Shi
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
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