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Ádám É, Kircher S, Liu P, Mérai Z, González-Schain N, Hörner M, Viczián A, Monte E, Sharrock RA, Schäfer E, Nagy F. Comparative functional analysis of full-length and N-terminal fragments of phytochrome C, D and E in red light-induced signaling. New Phytol 2013; 200:86-96. [PMID: 23772959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes (phy) C, D and E are involved in the regulation of red/far-red light-induced photomorphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana, but only limited data are available on the mode of action and biological function of these lesser studied phytochrome species. We fused N-terminal fragments or full-length PHYC, D and E to YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (YFP), and analyzed the function, stability and intracellular distribution of these fusion proteins in planta. The activity of the constitutively nuclear-localized homodimers of N-terminal fragments was comparable with that of full-length PHYC, D, E-YFP, and resulted in the regulation of various red light-induced photomorphogenic responses in the studied genetic backgrounds. PHYE-YFP was active in the absence of phyB and phyD, and PHYE-YFP controlled responses, as well as accumulation, of the fusion protein in the nuclei, was saturated at low fluence rates of red light and did not require functional FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 (FHY-1) and FHY-1-like proteins. Our data suggest that PHYC-YFP, PHYD-YFP and PHYE-YFP fusion proteins, as well as their truncated N-terminal derivatives, are biologically active in the modulation of red light-regulated photomorphogenesis. We propose that PHYE-YFP can function as a homodimer and that low-fluence red light-induced translocation of phyE and phyA into the nuclei is mediated by different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Ádám
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt.62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Botany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Institute of Botany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nahuel González-Schain
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilian Hörner
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt.62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elena Monte
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert A Sharrock
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Eberhard Schäfer
- Institute of Botany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt.62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
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