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Beklemisheva VR, Lemskaya NA, Prokopov DY, Perelman PL, Romanenko SA, Proskuryakova AA, Serdyukova NA, Utkin YA, Nie W, Ferguson-Smith MA, Yang F, Graphodatsky AS. Maps of Constitutive-Heterochromatin Distribution for Four Martes Species (Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) Show the Formative Role of Macrosatellite Repeats in Interspecific Variation of Chromosome Structure. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:489. [PMID: 36833416 PMCID: PMC9957230 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive-heterochromatin placement in the genome affects chromosome structure by occupying centromeric areas and forming large blocks. To investigate the basis for heterochromatin variation in the genome, we chose a group of species with a conserved euchromatin part: the genus Martes [stone marten (M. foina, 2n = 38), sable (M. zibellina, 2n = 38), pine marten (M. martes, 2n = 38), and yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula, 2n = 40)]. We mined the stone marten genome for the most abundant tandem repeats and selected the top 11 macrosatellite repetitive sequences. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed distributions of the tandemly repeated sequences (macrosatellites, telomeric repeats, and ribosomal DNA). We next characterized the AT/GC content of constitutive heterochromatin by CDAG (Chromomycin A3-DAPI-after G-banding). The euchromatin conservatism was shown by comparative chromosome painting with stone marten probes in newly built maps of the sable and pine marten. Thus, for the four Martes species, we mapped three different types of tandemly repeated sequences critical for chromosome structure. Most macrosatellites are shared by the four species with individual patterns of amplification. Some macrosatellites are specific to a species, autosomes, or the X chromosome. The variation of core macrosatellites and their prevalence in a genome are responsible for the species-specific variation of the heterochromatic blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta R. Beklemisheva
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Lemskaya
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Prokopov
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Polina L. Perelman
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Romanenko
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Proskuryakova
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Serdyukova
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A. Utkin
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Wenhui Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Fentang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Alexander S. Graphodatsky
- Department of Diversity and Evolution of Genomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Twining JP, Ian Montgomery W, Price L, Kunc HP, Tosh DG. Native and invasive squirrels show different behavioural responses to scent of a shared native predator. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191841. [PMID: 32257340 PMCID: PMC7062111 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species pose a serious threat to native species. In Europe, invasive grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have replaced native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in locations across Britain, Ireland and Italy. The European pine marten (Martes martes) can reverse the replacement of red squirrels by grey squirrels, but the underlying mechanism of how pine martens suppress grey squirrels is little understood. Research suggests the reversal process is driven by direct predation, but why the native red squirrel may be less susceptible than the invasive grey squirrel to predation by a commonly shared native predator, is unknown. A behavioural difference may exist with the native sciurid being more effective at avoiding predation by the pine marten with which they have a shared evolutionary history. In mammals, olfactory cues are used by prey species to avoid predators. To test whether anti-predator responses differ between the native red squirrel and the invasive grey squirrel, we exposed both species to scent cues of a shared native predator and quantified the responses of the two squirrel species. Red squirrels responded to pine marten scent by avoiding the feeder, increasing their vigilance and decreasing their feeding activity. By contrast, grey squirrels did not show any anti-predator behaviours in response to the scent of pine marten. Thus, differences in behavioural responses to a shared native predator may assist in explaining differing outcomes of species interactions between native and invasive prey species depending on the presence, abundance and exposure to native predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Twining
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W. Ian Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lily Price
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hansjoerg P. Kunc
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David G. Tosh
- National Museums NI, 153 Bangor Road, Cultra, BT18 0EU Northern Ireland, UK
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Walker D, Gregory WF, Turnbull D, Rocchi M, Meredith AL, Philbey AW, Sharp CP. Novel adenoviruses detected in British mustelids, including a unique Aviadenovirus in the tissues of pine martens ( Martes martes). J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1177-1182. [PMID: 28749327 PMCID: PMC5817191 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several adenoviruses are known to cause severe disease in veterinary species. Recent evidence suggests that canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) persists in the tissues of healthy red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), which may be a source of infection for susceptible species. It was hypothesized that mustelids native to the UK, including pine martens (Martes martes) and Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), may also be persistently infected with adenoviruses. Based on high-throughput sequencing and additional Sanger sequencing, a novel Aviadenovirus, tentatively named marten adenovirus type 1 (MAdV-1), was detected in pine marten tissues. The detection of an Aviadenovirus in mammalian tissue has not been reported previously. Two mastadenoviruses, tentatively designated marten adenovirus type 2 (MAdV-2) and lutrine adenovirus type 1 (LAdV-1), were also detected in tissues of pine martens and Eurasian otters, respectively. Apparently healthy free-ranging animals may be infected with uncharacterized adenoviruses with possible implications for translocation of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walker
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- *Correspondence: David Walker,
| | - William F. Gregory
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dylan Turnbull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Mara Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Anna L. Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adrian W. Philbey
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Colin P. Sharp
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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Lyly MS, Villers A, Koivisto E, Helle P, Ollila T, Korpimäki E. Avian top predator and the landscape of fear: responses of mammalian mesopredators to risk imposed by the golden eagle. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:503-14. [PMID: 25691975 PMCID: PMC4314280 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Top predators may induce extensive cascading effects on lower trophic levels, for example, through intraguild predation (IGP). The impacts of both mammalian and avian top predators on species of the same class have been extensively studied, but the effects of the latter upon mammalian mesopredators are not yet as well known. We examined the impact of the predation risk imposed by a large avian predator, the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, L.), on its potential mammalian mesopredator prey, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes, L.), and the pine marten (Martes martes, L.). The study combined 23 years of countrywide data from nesting records of eagles and wildlife track counts of mesopredators in Finland, northern Europe. The predation risk of the golden eagle was modeled as a function of territory density, density of fledglings produced, and distance to nearest active eagle territory, with the expectation that a high predation risk would reduce the abundances of smaller sized pine martens in particular. Red foxes appeared not to suffer from eagle predation, being in fact most numerous close to eagle nests and in areas with more eagle territories. This is likely due to similar prey preferences of the two predators and the larger size of foxes enabling them to escape eagle predation risk. Somewhat contrary to our prediction, the abundance of pine martens increased from low to intermediate territory density and at close proximity to eagle nests, possibly because of similar habitat preferences of martens and eagles. We found a slightly decreasing trend of marten abundance at high territory density, which could indicate that the response in marten populations is dependent on eagle density. However, more research is needed to better establish whether mesopredators are intimidated or predated by golden eagles, and whether such effects could in turn cascade to lower trophic levels, benefitting herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Lyly
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexandre Villers
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku FI-20014, Turku, Finland ; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Elina Koivisto
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Helle
- Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Oulu Game and Fisheries Research, University of Oulu POB 413, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Ollila
- Finnish Forest and Park Services, Natural Heritage Services POB 8016, FI-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Erkki Korpimäki
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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