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Lee J, Lee S, Lim JW, Byun I, Jang KJ, Kim JW, Chung JH, Kim J, Seonwoo H. Development of Plum Seed-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose Bioink for 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4473. [PMID: 38231895 PMCID: PMC10708124 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting represents an innovative platform for fabricating intricate, three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures that closely resemble natural tissues. The development of hybrid bioinks is an actionable strategy for integrating desirable characteristics of components. In this study, cellulose recovered from plum seed was processed to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 3D bioprinting. The plum seeds were initially subjected to α-cellulose recovery, followed by the synthesis and characterization of plum seed-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (PCMC). Then, hybrid bioinks composed of PCMC and sodium alginate were fabricated, and their suitability for extrusion-based bioprinting was explored. The PCMC bioinks exhibit a remarkable shear-thinning property, enabling effortless extrusion through the nozzle and maintaining excellent initial shape fidelity. This bioink was then used to print muscle-mimetic 3D structures containing C2C12 cells. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of PCMC was evaluated at different concentrations to determine the maximum acceptable concentration. As a result, cytotoxicity was not observed in hydrogels containing a suitable concentration of PCMC. Cell viability was also evaluated after printing PCMC-containing bioinks, and it was observed that the bioprinting process caused minimal damage to the cells. This suggests that PCMC/alginate hybrid bioink can be used as a very attractive material for bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juo Lee
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human Harmonized Robotics, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksong Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Je Jang
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Institute of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergent Biosystems Engineering, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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