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Piekarz-Porter E, Oddo VM, Stiehl E, Kim SJ. Beyond minimum wage: Broader employment policies can significantly affect food insecurity. Transl Behav Med 2024:ibae022. [PMID: 38734881 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many have investigated the impacts of minimum wage on a broad array of health outcomes, innovative policies surrounding broader employment policies have largely not been studied. To that end, this paper contributes in three ways. First, it discusses the rise in precarious employment. Then, it turns to the current federal framework of employment policies, namely minimum wage. Finally, it explores what a broader definition of employment policies could include and how future studies could use state, county, and municipal policymaking in this space to investigate ways in which they might contribute to reducing food insecurity and in turn, improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter
- Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Chicago School of Law, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vanessa M Oddo
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Stiehl
- Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sage J Kim
- Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Dearfield CT, Ulfers M, Horn K, Bernat DH. Resident Support for the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Rule in Public Housing: 2018-2022. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:102. [PMID: 38248565 PMCID: PMC10815862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examines support for the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) mandatory smoke-free rule up to four years post-rule among smokers and non-smokers. A repeated cross-sectional design was used where District of Columbia public housing residents aged 18+ (n = 529) completed surveys during three time points: July 2018 (pre-rule), November 2018-March 2020 (post-rule), and September 2020-December 2022 (post-rule + COVID-19). Full support for the rule was indicated by agreeing that smoking should not be allowed in all indoor locations and within 25 feet of buildings. Descriptive statistics showed significant differences in support across time for smokers (5.3%, 30.7%, and 22.5%, respectively) and similar support across time for nonsmokers (48.2%, 52.2%, and 40.0%, respectively). In unstratified regression analysis, pre-rule support was lower than when the rule was in effect (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.90), and tobacco users were less likely to support the rule (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.50). Stratified logistic regression results showed that pre-rule support was lower among smokers compared to post-rule support (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.59); support among nonsmokers did not vary by time. Findings overall indicate low support for the smoke-free rule up to 4 years post-implementation. Engaging residents with the rule and promoting health and well-being may further enhance policy effectiveness and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T. Dearfield
- Department of Epidemiology, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.U.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Margaret Ulfers
- Department of Epidemiology, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.U.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech-Carilion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA;
| | - Debra H. Bernat
- Department of Epidemiology, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.U.); (D.H.B.)
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3
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Amul GGH, Etter JF. Corrigendum: Comparing Tobacco and Alcohol Policies From a Health Systems Perspective: The Cases of the Philippines and Singapore. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606545. [PMID: 37965631 PMCID: PMC10641924 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605050.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research for Impact Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Government, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jean-Francois Etter
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Amul GGH, Etter JF. Comparing Tobacco and Alcohol Policies From a Health Systems Perspective: The Cases of the Philippines and Singapore. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605050. [PMID: 36312317 PMCID: PMC9606809 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To provide a comparative analysis of current tobacco and alcohol control laws and policies in the Philippines and Singapore Methods: We used a public health law framework that incorporates a systems approach using a scorecard to assess the progress of the Philippines and Singapore in tobacco and alcohol control according to SDG indicators, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce Harmful Use of Alcohol. We collected data from the scientific literature and government documents. Results: Despite health system differences, both the Philippines (73.5) and Singapore (86.5) scored high for tobacco control, but both countries received weak and moderate scores for alcohol control: the Philippines (34) and Singapore (52.5). Both countries have policy avenues to reinforce restrictions on marketing and corporate social responsibility programs, protect policies from the influence of the industry, and reinforce tobacco cessation and preventive measures against alcohol harms. Conclusion: Using a health system-based scorecard for policy surveillance in alcohol and tobacco control helped set policy benchmarks, showed the gaps and opportunities in these two countries, and identified avenues for strengthening current policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research for Impact Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Government, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jean-Francois Etter
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Joo H, Howard-Williams M, McCord RF, Sunshine G, Fuller JA, Maskery BA. Trends in Percentages of the US Population Covered by State-Issued COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions, March 1, 2020-August 15, 2021. J Public Health Manag Pract 2022; 28:491-5. [PMID: 35834786 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trends in the percentages of the US population covered by state-issued nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including restaurant and bar restrictions, stay-at-home orders, gathering limits, and mask mandates, were examined by using county-specific data sets on state-issued orders for NPIs from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2021. Most of the population was covered by multiple NPIs early in the pandemic. Most state-issued orders were lifted or relaxed as COVID-19 cases decreased during summer 2020. Few states reimplemented strict NPIs during later surges in US COVID-19 cases over the winter of 2020-2021. The exceptions were mask mandates, which covered about 80% of the population between August 2020 and February 2021, and the most restrictive gathering limits, which covered a maximum of 66% of the population in early 2020 and 68% of the population in winter 2020-2021. Most NPIs were lifted by the end of the analysis period.
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Skuster P, Menzel J, Ghorashi AR, Perkins M. Policy surveillance for a global analysis of national abortion laws. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2022; 30:2064208. [PMID: 35583503 PMCID: PMC9122351 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2022.2064208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy surveillance offers a novel and important method for comparing law across jurisdictions. We used policy surveillance to examine abortion laws across the globe. Self-managed abortion, which generally takes place outside formal healthcare settings, is increasing in prevalence and can be safe. We analysed provisions that do not account for the prevalence of self-managed abortion and evidence of its safety. Such provisions require that abortion take place in a formal healthcare setting. We also analysed criminal penalties for non-compliance. Our method included development of a legal framework, an iterative process of refining coding schemes and procedures, and rigorous quality control. We limited our analysis to liberal abortion laws for two reasons. Abortion laws globally trend towards less restrictive. In addition, we aimed to focus on how laws relate to abortion outside a formal healthcare setting specifically and excluded laws that prohibit abortion more broadly. We found that in all countries with liberal national abortion laws, the law permits only healthcare professionals or trained health workers to perform legal abortion and the majority require the abortion to take place in a specified health facility. With policy surveillance methods we can illuminate characteristics of law across many jurisdictions and the need for widespread reform, toward laws that reflect scientific evidence and the way people have abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Skuster
- Beck Chair in Law, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Correspondence:
| | - Jamie Menzel
- Senior Advisor, Research and Evaluation, Ipas, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Adrienne R Ghorashi
- Program Manager, Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Piekarz-Porter E, Lin W, Leider J, Turner L, Perna F, Chriqui JF. State laws matter when it comes to school provisions for structured PE and daily PE participation. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:597-603. [PMID: 32115650 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical and mental benefits children receive from physical activity have been well documented, and physical education is a key way to ensure that physical activity opportunities are available during the school day. This study evaluates whether state PE laws are associated with school-level practices of requiring structured PE classes and whether students take PE classes daily. State laws were obtained as part of the National Cancer Institute's Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (CLASS) and were compiled for all 50 states and District of Columbia using Boolean keyword searches in LexisAdvance and WestlawNext. PE time requirements and state daily PE requirements in the laws were subsequently linked to school-required structured PE classes and daily PE in the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study (SNMCS) Principal Survey. Logistic regression analyses were conducted while controlling for grade level, district child poverty rate, district race/ethnicity, school urbanicity, and school size. The state daily PE analysis also controlled for region. Schools located in a state that required at least 90 min of PE per week at the elementary level or 150 min of PE per week at the middle or high school levels had almost seven times higher odds of requiring structured PE. Schools located in a state that required daily participation of PE had almost five times higher odds of at least some students taking PE daily. State policymakers can utilize these findings to promote laws that require time for PE every week, daily if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wanting Lin
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julien Leider
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey Turner
- College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Frank Perna
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jamie F Chriqui
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Agénor M, Perkins C, Stamoulis C, Hall RD, Samnaliev M, Berland S, Bryn Austin S. Developing a Database of Structural Racism-Related State Laws for Health Equity Research and Practice in the United States. Public Health Rep 2021; 136:428-440. [PMID: 33617383 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920984168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although US state laws shape population health and health equity, few studies have examined how state laws affect the health of marginalized racial/ethnic groups (eg, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx populations) and racial/ethnic health inequities. A team of public health researchers and legal scholars with expertise in racial equity used systematic policy surveillance methods to develop a comprehensive database of state laws that are explicitly or implicitly related to structural racism, with the goal of evaluating their effect on health outcomes among marginalized racial/ethnic groups. METHODS Legal scholars used primary and secondary sources to identify state laws related to structural racism pertaining to 10 legal domains and developed a coding scheme that assigned a numeric code representing a mutually exclusive category for each salient feature of each law using a subset of randomly selected states. Legal scholars systematically applied this coding scheme to laws in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2010 through 2013. RESULTS We identified 843 state laws linked to structural racism. Most states had in place laws that disproportionately discriminate against marginalized racial/ethnic groups and had not enacted laws that prevent the unjust treatment of individuals from marginalized racial/ethnic populations from 2010 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS By providing comprehensive, detailed data on structural racism-related state laws in all 50 states and the District of Columbia over time, our database will provide public health researchers, social scientists, policy makers, and advocates with rigorous evidence to assess states' racial equity climates and evaluate and address their effect on racial/ethnic health inequities in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Agénor
- 1810 Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Carly Perkins
- 33563 Northeastern University School of Law, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,1862 Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahsaan D Hall
- 33642 Racial Justice Program, American Civil Liberties Union, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mihail Samnaliev
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Bryn Austin
- 1862 Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Piekarz-Porter E, Leider J, Turner L, Chriqui JF. District Wellness Policy Nutrition Standards Are Associated with Healthier District Food Procurement Practices in the United States. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3417. [PMID: 33171701 PMCID: PMC7694957 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food procurement policies often exist to require that schools purchase foods with specific nutrient standards. Such policies are increasingly being used with the hope of improving access to healthier foods and beverages. Local wellness policies, required in any school district that participates in Federal Child Nutrition Programs, often contain specific nutrition standards that detail what can be sold to students during the school day. This study investigated the extent to which nutrition standards in wellness policies may be associated with healthier nutrition standards in district-level purchasing specifications. Cross-sectional data from the 2014-2015 school year for 490 school food authorities from 46 states and the District of Columbia were collected as part of the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study and the National Wellness Policy Study. Survey-adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were computed to examine the association between district wellness policy nutrition standards and corresponding district food purchasing specifications. Results show that having a district wellness policy with corresponding nutrition standards and being in a rural area were associated with district food purchasing specifications for specific nutrients. These findings contribute to the literature to suggest that having a wellness policy with detailed nutrition standards may help to increase access to healthier foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.L.); (J.F.C.)
- Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julien Leider
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.L.); (J.F.C.)
| | - Lindsey Turner
- College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Jamie F. Chriqui
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; (J.L.); (J.F.C.)
- Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Thompson K, Cramer R, LaPollo AB, Hubbard SH, Chesson HW, Leichliter JS. Using Mixed Methods and Multidisciplinary Research to Strengthen Policy Assessments Focusing on Populations at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:32S-37S. [PMID: 32735194 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920931832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Thompson
- 6548 Research & Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Cramer
- 1242 Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Archana Bodas LaPollo
- 6548 Research & Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Harrell W Chesson
- 1242 Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jami S Leichliter
- 1242 Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Fernández-Viña MH, Prood NE, Herpolsheimer A, Waimberg J, Burris S. State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:128S-137S. [PMID: 32735195 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920921817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Law is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and possession of syringes by participants. METHODS Legal researchers developed a cross-sectional data set measuring key features of state laws and regulations governing the possession and distribution of syringes across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia in effect on August 1, 2019. We compared these data with previously collected data on laws as of August 1, 2014. RESULTS Thirty-nine states (including the District of Columbia) had laws in effect on August 1, 2019, that removed legal impediments to, explicitly authorized, and/or regulated SSPs. Thirty-three states had 1 or more laws consistent with legal possession of syringes by SSP participants under at least some circumstances. Changes from 2014 to 2019 included an increase of 14 states explicitly authorizing SSPs by law and an increase of 12 states with at least 1 provision reducing legal barriers to SSPs. Since 2014, the number of states explicitly authorizing SSPs nearly doubled, and the new states included many rural, southern, or midwestern states that had been identified as having poor access to SSPs, as well as states at high risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus outbreaks. Substantial legal barriers to SSP operation and participant syringe possession remained in >20% of US states. CONCLUSION Legal barriers to effective operation of SSPs have declined but continue to hinder the prevention and reduction of drug-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Fernández-Viña
- 6558 Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadya E Prood
- 6558 Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Herpolsheimer
- 6558 Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Waimberg
- 6558 Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Burris
- 6558 Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Leider J, Lin W, Piekarz-Porter E, Turner L, Chriqui JF. The Role of District Wellness Policies in Encouraging Student Participation in the School Breakfast Program, United States. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2187. [PMID: 32717935 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating breakfast is associated with better academic performance and nutrition and lower risk of obesity, but skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents, and participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's School Breakfast Program (SBP) is low. This study assessed the association between school district wellness policy provisions coded as part of the National Wellness Policy Study and student SBP participation and acceptance of the breakfasts provided using cross-sectional survey data from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study. Separate survey-adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were computed, linking students eating (N = 1575) and liking (N = 726) the school breakfast to corresponding district policy measures, controlling for school and student characteristics. Strong district policy, as opposed to no policy, was associated with significantly higher odds of students eating the school breakfast (odds ratio (OR): 1.86; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.16; p = 0.022), corresponding to an adjusted prevalence of 28.4% versus 19.2%, and liking the school breakfast (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.63; p = 0.005), corresponding to an adjusted prevalence of 69.0% versus 53.9%. District policy has the potential to play an important role in encouraging higher levels of SBP participation.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moran-McCabe
- 1 Center for Public Health Law Research, James E. Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abraham Gutman
- 1 Center for Public Health Law Research, James E. Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Burris
- 1 Center for Public Health Law Research, James E. Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Klieger SB, Gutman A, Allen L, Pacula RL, Ibrahim JK, Burris S. Mapping medical marijuana: state laws regulating patients, product safety, supply chains and dispensaries, 2017. Addiction 2017; 112:2206-2216. [PMID: 28696583 PMCID: PMC5725759 DOI: 10.1111/add.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS (1) To describe open source legal data sets, created for research use, that capture the key provisions of US state medical marijuana laws. The data document how state lawmakers have regulated a medicine that remains, under federal law, a Schedule I illegal drug with no legitimate medical use. (2) To demonstrate the variability that exists across states in rules governing patient access, product safety and dispensary practice. METHODS Two legal researchers collected and coded state laws governing marijuana patients, product safety and dispensaries in effect on 1 February 2017, creating three empirical legal data sets. We used summary tables to identify the variation in specific statutory provisions specified in each state's medical marijuana law as it existed on 1 February 2017. We compared aspects of these laws to the traditional Federal approach to regulating medicine. Full data sets, codebooks and protocols are available through the Prescription Drug Abuse Policy System (http://www.pdaps.org/; Archived at http://www.webcitation.org/6qv5CZNaZ on 2 June 2017). RESULTS Twenty-eight states (including the District of Columbia) have authorized medical marijuana. Twenty-seven specify qualifying diseases, which differ across states. All states protect patient privacy; only 14 protect patients against discrimination. Eighteen states have mandatory product safety testing before any sale. While the majority have package/label regulations, states have a wide range of specific requirements. Most regulate dispensaries (25 states), with considerable variation in specific provisions such as permitted product supply sources number of dispensaries per state and restricting proximity to various types of location. CONCLUSIONS The federal ban in the United States on marijuana has resulted in a patchwork of regulatory strategies that are not uniformly consistent with the approach usually taken by the Federal government and whose effectiveness remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B. Klieger
- Center for Health Law, Policy and Practice, Beasley School of Law, Temple University
| | - Abraham Gutman
- Center for Health Law, Policy and Practice, Beasley School of Law, Temple University
| | | | | | - Jennifer K. Ibrahim
- Center for Health Law, Policy and Practice, Beasley School of Law, Temple University,College of Public Health, Temple University
| | - Scott Burris
- Center for Health Law, Policy and Practice, Beasley School of Law, Temple University
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Abstract
Public health practice in the twenty-first century is in a state of significant flux. Several macro trends are impacting the current practice of governmental public health and will likely have effects for many years to come. These macro trends are described as forces of change, which are changes that affect the context in which the community and its public health system operate. This article focuses on seven such forces of change: the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, and globalized travel. Following the description of each of these, this article then turns to possible approaches to measuring, tracking, and understanding the impact of these forces of change on public health practice, including the use of evidence-based public health, practice-based research, and policy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Campbell Erwin
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996;
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School; and Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4838;
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16
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Abstract
Public health law has roots in both law and science. For more than a century, lawyers have helped develop and implement health laws; over the past 50 years, scientific evaluation of the health effects of laws and legal practices has achieved high levels of rigor and influence. We describe an emerging model of public health law that unites these two traditions. This transdisciplinary model adds scientific practices to the lawyerly functions of normative and doctrinal research, counseling, and representation. These practices include policy surveillance and empirical public health law research on the efficacy of legal interventions and the impact of laws and legal practices on health and health system operation. A transdisciplinary model of public health law, melding its legal and scientific facets, can help break down enduring cultural, disciplinary, and resource barriers that have prevented the full recognition and optimal role of law in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Burris
- National Program Office, Public Health Law Research Program, Beasley School of Law, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
| | - Marice Ashe
- ChangeLab Solutions, Oakland, California 94612;
| | - Donna Levin
- Network for Public Health Law, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105;
| | - Matthew Penn
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;
| | - Michelle Larkin
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey 08543;
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