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Wang J, Huang H, Zhao K, Teng Y, Zhao L, Xu Z, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Li C, Duan Y, Liang K, Zhou X, Cheng X, Xia Y. G-quadruplex in hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA promotes its translation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105151. [PMID: 37567479 PMCID: PMC10485161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic DNA virus that has a very compact genome. Due to this genomic density, several distinct mechanisms are used to facilitate the viral life cycle. Recently, accumulating evidence show that G-quadruplex (G4) in different viruses play essential regulatory roles in key steps of the viral life cycle. Although G4 structures in the HBV genome have been reported, their function in HBV replication remains elusive. In this study, we treated an HBV replication-competent cell line and HBV-infected cells with the G4 structure stabilizer pyridostatin (PDS) and evaluated different HBV replication markers to better understand the role played by the G4. In both models, we found PDS had no effect on viral precore RNA (pcRNA) or pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA), but treatment did increase HBeAg/HBc ELISA reads and intracellular levels of viral core/capsid protein (HBc) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. To further dissect the mechanism of G4 involvement, we used in vitro-synthesized HBV pcRNA and pgRNA. Interestingly, we found PDS treatment only enhanced HBc expression from pgRNA but not HBeAg expression from pcRNA. Our bioinformatic analysis and CD spectroscopy revealed that pgRNA harbors a conserved G4 structure. Finally, we introduced point mutations in pgRNA to disrupt its G4 structure and observed the resulting mutant failed to respond to PDS treatment and decreased HBc level in in vitro translation assay. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HBV pgRNA contains a G4 structure that plays a vital role in the regulation of viral mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaitao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiwei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathology, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liao H, Deng Z, Bian D, Ren Y, Yu G, Jiang Y, Bai L, Liu S, Liu M, Zhou L, Chen Y, Chen X, Duan Z, Lu F, Zheng S. Serum HBV DNA plus RNA reflecting cccDNA level before and during NAs treatment in HBeAg positive CHB patients. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:858-866. [PMID: 35693741 PMCID: PMC9149645 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.71737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Correlations between serum viral markers and intrahepatic cccDNA in patients undergoing long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) treatment haven't been fully explored. In this study, we evaluate the correlation between intrahepatic cccDNA and other serum viral markers and intrahepatic HBV DNA in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients during 60-month treatment with NAs. Methods: Fifty-four HBeAg positive CHB patients received long-term NAs treatment were included in this study. Serial serum samples were regularly collected and quantitatively analyzed for HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBcrAg. Histological samples from liver biopsy at baseline and month 60 were analyzed for intrahepatic HBV DNA and cccDNA. Results: At baseline, serum HBV DNA plus RNA was positively associated with intrahepatic cccDNA in multivariate regression analysis (β=0.205, P<0.001). In the correlation analysis between cccDNA and serum viral markers, HBV DNA plus RNA had the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.698, P<0.001), followed by serum HBV DNA (r=0.641, P<0.001), HBV RNA (r=0.590, P<0.001), and HBcrAg (r=0.564, P<0.001). At month 60, correlations between these serum viral markers and cccDNA were not observed (P>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only the decreased HBV DNA plus RNA was positively associated with cccDNA decline (β=0.172, P =0.006). Changes of HBV DNA plus RNA (r=0.525, P=0.001) was better correlated with cccDNA decline as compared to HBV RNA (r=0.384, P=0.008), HBV DNA (r=0.431, P=0.003), and HBsAg (r=0.342, P=0.029). Conclusions: Serum HBV DNA plus RNA better correlated with intrahepatic cccDNA than other viral makers before and during NAs treatment in HBeAg positive CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Liao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518112, PR China
| | - Zhongping Deng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Gene Diagnostic Technology, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Dandan Bian
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guangxin Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Bai
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Liver disease center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment & Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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3
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Anderson M, Gersch J, Luk KC, Dawson G, Carey I, Agarwal K, Shah P, Dusheiko G, Lau D, Cloherty G. Circulating Pregenomic Hepatitis B Virus RNA Is Primarily Full-length in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Undergoing Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:2029-2031. [PMID: 32687164 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus RNA is detectable in the serum of infected patients; however, the RNA species has been questioned. We tested 1827 specimens using a quantitative dual-target quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and determined that full-length pregenomic RNA is the primary source. These results clarify the major identity of circulating HBV RNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anderson
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffery Gersch
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ka-Cheung Luk
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - George Dawson
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivana Carey
- King's College, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pir Shah
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Lau
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin Cloherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
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4
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Wu IC, Liu WC, Chiu YC, Chiu HC, Cheng PN, Chang TT. Clinical Implications of Serum Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA Kinetics in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Antiviral Treatment and Those Achieving HBsAg Loss. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061146. [PMID: 34073483 PMCID: PMC8229518 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is correlated with covalently closed circular DNA. We aimed to investigate the utility of serum HBV pgRNA in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment and those achieving HBsAg loss. One hundred and eighty-five patients were enrolled for studying long-term HBV pgRNA kinetics during treatment. Twenty patients achieving HBsAg loss after treatment were enrolled for examining HBV pgRNA kinetics around HBsAg loss. HBV pgRNA significantly decreased in the high baseline HBV pgRNA (≥6 log copies/mL) group but significantly increased in the low baseline HBV pgRNA (<4 log copies/mL) group after 3-month entecavir treatment. Among the 20 patients achieving HBsAg loss, 13 (65%) patients had serum HBV pgRNA higher than the limit of detection (LOD, 1466 copies/mL) when they achieved HBsAg loss. Finally, all 20 patients had HBV pgRNA going below the LOD within 3 years after achieving HBsAg loss. In conclusion, baseline serum HBV pgRNA alone is insufficient for predicting the trajectory of HBV pgRNA. Most patients still had HBV pgRNA higher than the LOD when they achieved HBsAg loss. Further studies on HBV pgRNA kinetics around HBsAg loss would provide an enhanced basis for further applications of HBV pgRNA.
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5
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Huang Q, Cai D, Yan R, Li L, Zong Y, Guo L, Mercier A, Zhou Y, Tang A, Henne K, Colonno R. Preclinical Profile and Characterization of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Inhibitor ABI-H0731. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e01463-20. [PMID: 32868329 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01463-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABI-H0731, a first-generation hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein inhibitor, has demonstrated effective antiviral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in a phase 1b clinical trial and is currently being further evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials. Here, we report the preclinical profile of ABI-H0731. In in vitro cell culture systems (HepG2-derived cell lines HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP and primary human hepatocytes [PHHs]), ABI-H0731 exhibited selective inhibition of HBV DNA replication (50% effective concentration [EC50] from 173 nM to 307 nM). ABI-H0731, a first-generation hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein inhibitor, has demonstrated effective antiviral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in a phase 1b clinical trial and is currently being further evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials. Here, we report the preclinical profile of ABI-H0731. In in vitro cell culture systems (HepG2-derived cell lines HepAD38 and HepG2-NTCP and primary human hepatocytes [PHHs]), ABI-H0731 exhibited selective inhibition of HBV DNA replication (50% effective concentration [EC50] from 173 nM to 307 nM). Most importantly, ABI-H0731 suppressed covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation in two de novo infection models with EC50s from 1.84 μM to 7.3 μM. Mechanism-of-action studies indicated that ABI-H0731 is a direct-acting antiviral that targets HBV core protein, preventing HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) encapsidation and subsequent DNA replication. The combination of ABI-H0731 with entecavir appears to decrease viral DNA faster and deeper than nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NrtI) therapy alone. In addition, ABI-H0731 disrupts incoming nucleocapsids, causing the premature release of relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) before delivery to the nucleus, and thus prevents new cccDNA formation. ABI-H0731 exhibits pangenotypic activity and is additive to moderately synergistic when combined with an NrtI. In addition to its potency and novel mechanism of action, ABI-H0731 possesses drug-like properties and a preclinical pharmacokinetic profile supportive of once-daily dosing in patients with CHB. Taken together, these data support the ongoing clinical development of ABI-H0731 as a treatment for HBV.
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6
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Lin N, Ye A, Lin J, Liu C, Huang J, Fu Y, Wu S, Xu S, Wang L, Ou Q. Diagnostic Value of Detection of Pregenomic RNA in Sera of Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e01275-19. [PMID: 31723011 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01275-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is a direct transcription product of hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), and it plays important roles in viral genome amplification and replication. This study was designed to investigate whether serum pgRNA is a strong alternative marker for reflecting HBV cccDNA levels and to analyze the correlation between serum pgRNA, serum HBV DNA, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). A total of 400 HBV-infected patients who received nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy with different clinical outcomes were involved in this research. Case groups included asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carrier (ASC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, with 100 patients in each group. The results showed that the levels of HBV pgRNA had significant differences between these 4 groups. Serum pgRNA levels correlated well with serum HBV DNA and HBsAg levels (HBV pgRNA levels versus HBV DNA levels, r = 0.58, P < 0.001; HBV pgRNA levels versus HBsAg levels, r = 0.47, P < 0.001). In addition, we focused on the 108 HBV-infected patients with HBV DNA levels of <500 IU/ml; it was surprising to find that in 17.57% (13/74) of cases, HBV pgRNA could be detected even when the HBV DNA level was below 20 IU/ml. In conclusion, HBV pgRNA levels in serum can be a surrogate marker for intrahepatic HBV cccDNA compared with serum HBV DNA and HBsAg. The detection of serum HBV pgRNA levels may provide a reference for clinical monitoring of cccDNA levels and the selection of appropriate timing for discontinuing antiviral therapy, especially when HBV DNA levels are below the detection limit.
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Amir F, Siddiqui ZI, Farooqui SR, Anwer A, Khan S, Azmi MI, Mehmankhah M, Dohare R, Khan LA, Kazim SN. Impact of length of replication competent genome of hepatitis B virus over the differential antigenic secretion. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17858-17871. [PMID: 31310366 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome consists of circular partially double stranded DNA of 3.2 kb size which gets converted into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) during its life cycle. It then acts as a template for formation of pregenomicRNA (pgRNA) of 3.5 kb. Absence of appropriate animal models prompted a need to establish a better in vitro culture system to uncover the propagation and survival mechanisms of the virus. There is scarcity of data to represent the significance of varying length of replication competent viral genome on the secretion of viral secretory proteins/antigens and in turn on the overall effects on the accomplishment of the viral life cycle. The present study was undertaken to ascertain a suitable replication competent construct in which the viral life cycle of HBV with varying clinical relevance can be studied efficiently. Two constructs (pHBV 1.3 and pHBV 1X) of different sizes were used to transfect hepatoma cells and consequently the secretory antigens were monitored. In vector free approach (pHBV 1X), 3.2 kb viral DNA is directly transfected in the culture system whereas in vector mediated approach more than full length of viral genome is cloned in a vector (pHBV 1.3X) and transfected to obtain a 3.5 kb pgRNA intermediate. HBV secretes two important antigens; HBsAg and HBeAg. HBsAg is a hallmark of infection and is the first to be secreted in the blood stream whereas HBeAg is a secretory protein and remains associated with the viral replication. The construct pHBV 1.3X referring to as more than full length, by virtue of being capable of undergoing transcription without the synthesis of cccDNA intermediate (unlike the clinical situation where an intermediate step of cccDNA synthesis is an essential component to initiate the viral life cycle) appears to be better system for studying viral life cycle in in vitro culture system. The reasons could be assigned to the fact that as low as 100 ng of viral DNA was shown to quantify the replicative phenotypes with this construct. The better efficiency of this construct at prima facie, appears to be mediated through the significantly higher levels of pgRNA transcript during the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabihur Rahman Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Anwer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saniya Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Iqbal Azmi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahboubeh Mehmankhah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Wu Y, Wen J, Xiao W, Zhang B. Pregenomic RNA: How to assist the management of chronic hepatitis B? Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2051. [PMID: 31074177 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) is an emerging serological marker for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. While pgRNA is principally the template for viral proteins and viral DNAs, additional novel functions for the serum pgRNA have recently been described. These results extend for pgRNA a regulatory function in the viral life cycle and potentially a role in pathogenesis. Here, we review the diverse roles of pgRNA in HBV replication and pathogenesis, emphasizing how the unique structure of this RNA is key to its various functions. We focus in particular on the role of HBV pgRNA in guiding antiviral therapy including nucleot(s)ide analog interruption and role as a marker of cure with new curative therapies. We also briefly allude to the emerging niche for new direct-acting or indirect-acting antivirals targeting pgRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Mukherjee RM, Shravanti GV, Jakkampudi A, Kota R, Jangala AL, Reddy PB, Rao PN, Gupta R, Reddy DN. Reduced Expression of DNA Damage Repair Genes High Mobility Group Box1 and Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase1 in Inactive Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus Infection-A Possible Stage of Viral Integration. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:89-95. [PMID: 25755481 PMCID: PMC3940113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) proteins repair cellular DNA damage. Reduced expression of the corresponding genes can lead to an impaired DNA damage repair mechanism. Intracellular replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in such conditions can favor the integration of viral DNA into host genome leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVE This study was performed to assess the expression of HMGB1 and PARP1 mRNAs in conjunction with the estimation of HBV replication intermediate pregenomic RNA (PgRNA) in various phases of HBV infection. MATERIALS Eighty eight patients and 26 voluntary blood donors as controls were included in the study. Patients were grouped in to acute (AHB; n = 15), inactive carriers (IC; n = 36), cirrhosis (Cirr; n = 25) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 12). Serum HBV DNA was quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Expression of HMGB1, PARP1 and PgRNA were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived RNA by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and densitometry. RESULTS Significant reduction of HMGB1 and PARP1 gene expressions (P < 0.05) were observed in patients than controls with more explicit decline of PARP1 (P = 0.0002). Both genes were significantly downregulated (P < 0.001) in ICs than controls. In ICs, HMGB1 was significantly lowered than cirrhosis (P = 0.002) and HCC (P = 0.0006) while PARP1 declined significantly (P = 0.04) than HCC. Level of PgRNA was comparable in all the disease categories. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings indicate impaired DNA damage repair mechanisms in HBV infected cells of ICs. This, along with low viral load but higher level of PgRNA in this group is suggestive of the diversion of HBV replication pathway that might facilitate viral DNA integration in to host genome. Intrusion of HBV PgRNA reverse transcription in early stage of infection might appear advantageous to thwart the development of HCC.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AHB, acute hepatitis B
- ALT, alanine transferase
- AST, aspartate transferase
- BER, base excision repair
- CHB, chronic HBV
- CIRRH, cirrhosis
- CP, Child–Pugh
- DEPC, diethyl pyrocarbonate
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HAV, hepatitis A virus
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HBX, hepatitis B virus X protein
- HBeAg, hepatitis B virus e antigen
- HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDV, hepatitis delta virus
- HEV, hepatitis E virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HMGB1, high mobility group box1
- IC, inactive carriers
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- MuLV-H, moloney murine leukemia virus Rnase H
- NER, nucleotide excision repair
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PgRNA, pregenomic RNA
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR
- SD, standard deviation
- UISs, unique integration sites
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- dNTPs, deoxynucleoside triphosphates
- dsDNA, double stranded HBV DNA
- gene expression
- hepatitis B virus
- high mobility group box1
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1
- pregenomic RNA
- rcDNA, relaxed circular DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathindra M. Mukherjee
- Asian Health Care Foundation, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. R.M. Mukherjee, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Health Care Foundation, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India. Tel.: +91 40 23378888x742; fax: +91 40 23324255.
| | | | - Aparna Jakkampudi
- Asian Health Care Foundation, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Ramya Kota
- Asian Health Care Foundation, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Asha L. Jangala
- Asian Health Care Foundation, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Panyala B. Reddy
- Asian Health Care Foundation, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Padaki N. Rao
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, India
| | - Duvvuru N. Reddy
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, India
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