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Anitha V, Rajaraman R, Periasamy M, Ravindran M, Rangappa R, Uduman MS. Reasons for declining corneal refractive laser correction for refractive candidates in Southern India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:118-122. [PMID: 38131581 PMCID: PMC10841811 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1595_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the reasons for declining corneal refractive laser correction procedures in patients presenting to tertiary eye care centers in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, and review the literature. METHODS Retrospective case records of subjects presenting from January 2019 to December 2021 for refractive surgery workup were analyzed. Demographic details and refractive parameters of patients rejected for corneal refractive laser corrections (CRLC) were documented and reviewed. RESULTS A total of 2358 patients presented for refractive surgery evaluation during the study period, and out of them, 395 patients (16.8%) were not considered ideal candidates for undergoing CRLC. The common reasons for rejecting the patients were unfit topography (n = 110, 27.8%), unstable refraction over a one-year duration (n = 9, 2.27%), low corneal thickness (n = 85, 21.5%), keratoconus (n = 5, 12.9%), and other ocular and systemic disorders (n = 48, 12.1%). CONCLUSION There was a marked change in magnitude and rationalization for not performing either laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy in our study. The reasons are unfit topography, keratoconus, and systemic disorders, which were diagnosed during pre-LASIK screening workup, being the most common cause for rejecting patients for corneal refractive corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Anitha
- Cornea, and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathi Rajaraman
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mangala Periasamy
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meenakshi Ravindran
- Paediatric and Strabismus Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Rangappa
- Glaucoma Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Sithiq Uduman
- BioStatistician, Aravind Eye Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kanellopoulos AJ. Combined Photorefractive Keratectomy and Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus and Ectasia: The Athens Protocol. Cornea 2023; 42:1199-1205. [PMID: 37669421 PMCID: PMC10476591 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Customized photorefractive keratectomy with minimal tissue ablation combined with corneal cross-linking seems to be a long-term safe and effective strategy for anatomical and visual management of keratoconus, postsurgical ectasia, and other ectasia management. Multiple published studies, many with long-term follow-up, have supported the Athens Protocol and its various forms as a means to manage corneal ectatic disorders, which not only stabilize corneal shapes but also improve functional vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios John Kanellopoulos
- Laservision Clinical and Research Institute, Athens, Greece; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Medical School, New York City, NY
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Moshirfar M, Santos JM, Wang Q, Stoakes IM, Porter KB, Theis JS, Hoopes PC. A Literature Review of the Incidence, Management, and Prognosis of Corneal Epithelial-Related Complications After Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Photorefractive Keratectomy ( PRK), and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE). Cureus 2023; 15:e43926. [PMID: 37614825 PMCID: PMC10443604 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to provide a comprehensive investigation into the incidence, treatment modalities, and visual prognosis of epithelial-related complications in corneal refractive surgeries, including laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted by two independent examiners using various search terms related to epithelial-related complications and corneal refractive surgeries. A total of 91 research articles were included, encompassing a sample size of 66,751 eyes across the three types of surgeries. The average incidence of epithelial-related complications varied across the different types of corneal refractive surgeries. LASIK had an average incidence of 4.9% for epithelial defects, while PRK and SMILE had lower rates of 3.3% and 3.9%, respectively. Our findings indicate that SMILE has a lower incidence of epithelial defects compared to LASIK, potentially due to the less invasive nature of lenticule incision in SMILE. Visual prognosis after epithelial complications (EC) is generally favorable, with various supportive care and surgical interventions leading to significant improvements in postoperative visual acuity and full recovery. Understanding the incidence rates and management approaches for epithelial-related complications can guide clinicians in enhancing patient safety, refining surgical techniques, and optimizing postoperative outcomes in corneal refractive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Moshirfar
- Corneal and Refractive Surgery, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Eye Banking and Corneal Transplantation, Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, USA
| | - Jordan M Santos
- Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - Isabella M Stoakes
- Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, USA
| | - Kaiden B Porter
- Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA
| | - Josh S Theis
- Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA
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Wang Q, Stoakes IM, Moshirfar M, Harvey DH, Hoopes PC. Assessment of Pupil Size and Angle Kappa in Refractive Surgery: A Population-Based Epidemiological Study in Predominantly American Caucasians. Cureus 2023; 15:e43998. [PMID: 37638275 PMCID: PMC10447998 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective study aims to establish normative values for pupil size, angle kappa, higher-order aberration, and astigmatism type in a largely Caucasian population in Utah, United States, utilizing the NIDEK OPD-Scan III system (Gamagori, Japan). Methods This study included 716 patients (1432 eyes) grouped based on spherical equivalence and age. Measurements were conducted under mesopic and photopic conditions. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's correlation and linear regression using the generalized estimating equation. NIDEK OPD-Scan III measured mesopic and photopic pupil size and angle kappa. The subjects were then grouped based on their spherical equivalence in diopters (D) and age in decades. The spherical equivalence groups were defined: >-6 D, -5.99 to -3 D, -2.99 to -0.25 D, -0.24 to 0.24 D, and >0.25 D (range 0.25-5.75 D). The higher-order aberration groups were based on the reason for the visit: laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, photorefractive keratectomy, and small incision lenticule extraction as one group; cataract evaluation; and keratoconus. Astigmatism measurements were grouped into with-the-rule (WRT), against-the-rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism, with further subgrouping into a young cohort (20-40 years) and an old cohort (>65 years). Results Among 716 participants, 49.2% were men; the mean age was 42.1±15.5 (range 7-88 years). The average spherical equivalence for myopia eyes was -3.28±2.34 D, and 1.51±1.46 D for hyperopia eyes. The mean mesopic pupil size was 5.68 ± 1.09 mm; the photopic pupil size was 4.65±1.09 mm. Pearson's correlation coefficient for mesopic pupil size versus age was -0.551, and -0.42 for photopic pupil (p < 0.001); sphere vs mesopic pupil size was -0.200, and -0.173 for photopic pupil (p < 0.001). The regression analysis for mesopic pupil size versus age revealed a 0.39 mm decrease in average pupil size per decade increase in age, and 0.25 mm decrease per decade for photopic pupil. The regression analysis for mesopic pupil size versus sphere revealed a 0.22 mm decrease in average pupil size per 3D increase in sphere, and a 0.16 mm decrease 3 D increase in sphere for the photopic pupil. The mean mesopic angle kappa was 0.33 ± 0.15 mm; photopic angle kappa was 0.31±0.15 mm. Pearson's correlation coefficient for mesopic angle kappa vs spherical equivalence was 0.32, and 0.296 for photopic angle kappa (p <0.001 for both). Regression analysis for mesopic angle kappa vs spherical equivalence demonstrated a 0.051 mm increase in angle kappa per 3 D increase in spherical equivalence, and a 0.048 mm increase for photopic angle kappa (p < 0.001 for both). Among the higher-order aberration groups, the keratoconus group exhibited the highest levels. In terms of astigmatism type, WRT astigmatism was the most common in the young cohort, while ATR astigmatism was most prevalent in the older cohort. Conclusions The results of this study reveal significant associations between pupil size and increasing age, as well as between pupil size and increasingly positive refractive errors. These findings hold particular clinical relevance to older patients and individuals with hyperopia, as they undergo photoablative corneal refractive surgery or multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Understanding the established normative values for pupil size, angle kappa, higher-order aberration, and astigmatism type can aid clinicians in making more informed decisions and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella M Stoakes
- Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Corneal and Refractive Surgery, Hoopes Vision Research Center, Draper, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- Eye Banking and Corneal Transplantation, Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, USA
| | - Devon H Harvey
- Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
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Thompson V, Moshirfar M, Clinch T, Scoper S, Linn SH, McIntosh A, Li Y, Eaton M, Ferriere M, Stasi K. Topical Ocular TRPV1 Antagonist SAF312 (Libvatrep) for Postoperative Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36917119 PMCID: PMC10020951 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evaluation of safety and efficacy of topical ocular SAF312 (Libvatrep) in post-photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) pain. Methods In this placebo (vehicle)-controlled, participant- and investigator-masked study, 40 participants were randomized (1:1) to two treatment sequences in a bilateral PRK crossover design (SAF312 2.5% followed by vehicle [or vice versa], one eye drop, four times daily for 72 hours after PRK). Primary endpoints were visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at 6 hours after first drop of study drug and average VAS scores over 0 to 12 hours postoperatively. Secondary endpoints included postoperative oral rescue medication (ORM) use and adverse events (AEs). Results All 40 participants completed the study. Both primary endpoints were met; mean difference in VAS pain scores between SAF312- and vehicle-treated eyes was -11.13 (P = 0.005, -25%) at 6 hours postoperatively and -8.56 (P = 0.017, -22%) over 0 to 12 hours. Mean VAS pain scores with SAF312 were consistently lower than with vehicle from 1 hour postoperatively up to 30 hours (P ≤ 0.10 observed in 8/11 time points). Less ORM was taken with SAF312 up to 0 to 72 hours postoperatively, with a trend of fewer participants taking ORM at 0 to 24 hours postoperatively with SAF312 versus vehicle. No serious AEs were reported. All ocular AEs were mild and transient, and none were drug related. SAF312-treated eyes showed no delay in wound healing and had a lower grade 4 conjunctival hyperemia 24 hours postoperatively versus vehicle-treated eyes. Conclusions SAF312 was well tolerated and effective in reducing ocular pain post-PRK. Translational Relevance Topical SAF312 presents a new therapeutic option for patients undergoing PRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance Thompson
- Vance Thompson Vision, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera Research, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Steven H Linn
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera Research, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA
| | | | - Yifang Li
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Matt Eaton
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kalliopi Stasi
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Chanbour W, El Zein L, Younes MA, Issa M, Warhekar P, Chelala E, Jarade E. Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia and Failure Rate: A 3 Years Follow-Up Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e19552. [PMID: 34917434 PMCID: PMC8669145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the response of keratoconus (KC) and post-LASIK ectasia (referred to as "ectasia") to the corneal crosslinking (CXL) and to compare the rate of progression between KC and ectasia at three years. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing CXL for either KC or ectasia. Fifty-four eyes (31 patients) with ectasia and 111 eyes (67 patients) with KC were included in the study. Corrected distance visual acuities (CDVA), refraction, keratometry (K), and pachymetry were followed up for three years. Simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and CXL were performed on 20 KC and 20 ectasia eyes. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (ICRS) were performed on 51 KC and six ectasia eyes. Results In KC, CDVA, spherical equivalence, sphere, cylinder, and mean K improved at three years post-CXL (p-value<0.05), but these values improved without reaching a statistical significance in ectasia(p-values <0.05). 12 of 54 eyes with ectasia (22.2%) and 4 of 111 eyes (3.6%) with KC had progression post CXL(p-value:0.0001). Ectasia patients diagnosed with progression were older at presentation (36.1 years) than non-progressive ectasia patients (31 years) (p-value 0.02) and also older than KC patients. Sub-analysis excluding PRK and ICRS cases showed that there was an improvement in mean sphere (from -5.23±4.2D to-4.46±3.89D) (p-value 0.03) cylinder (from 2.54 ± 1.68D to 1.97 ± 1.51D) (p-value 0.03) mean keratometry (from 46.81 ± 3.78D to 46.01 ± 3.25D) (p-value 0.006) in KC patients 3 years post CXL (40 patients). Compared to baseline, all the mean refractive and topographic variables deteriorated at three years post CXL in ectasia (28 patients) (p-value>0.05). Also, 2 of 40 patients with KC (5%) vs. 7 of 28 patients with ectasia (25%) had progression three years post-CXL, and the difference between both groups remained statistically significant(p-value 0.027). Conclusion Eyes with post-LASIK ectasia seem to be less responsive to CXL than KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassef Chanbour
- Ophthalmology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, USA
| | - Lulwa El Zein
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali Younes
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences - Lebanese University, Hadath, LBN
| | - Mohamad Issa
- Ophthalmology, Hospital Foundation Adolphe De Rothschild, Paris, FRA
| | | | | | - Elias Jarade
- Ophthalmology, Beirut Eye & ENT Specialist Hospital, Beirut, LBN
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Li L, Zhang B, Hu Y, Xiong L, Wang Z. Comparison of safety and efficiency of corneal topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy and combined with crosslinking in myopic correction: An 18-month follow-up. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23769. [PMID: 33466126 PMCID: PMC7808543 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the safety and efficiency of simple corneal topography-guided (T-CAT) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and T-CAT PRK combined with crosslinking (CXL) to correct myopia with borderline suspicious tomography.Eyes with suspicious tomography (not classified as forme fruste keratoconus) underwent PRK combined with CXL. The suspicious tomography showed irregular posterior corneal morphology or maximum elevation value of the central 6 mm zone of the posterior surface (MEL) >15 μm, or Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Index (BAD-D) was >1.6. The PRK group was generated and matched within 2 μm for MEL, 0.3 for BAD-D value, and 0.5 D for manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) compared with the PRK-CXL group.PRK-CXL exhibited a larger MRSE (0.09 ± 0.22 D vs -0.03 ± 0.24 D, P = .02) and a larger sphere (0.14 ± 0.22 D vs 0.01 ± 0.21 D, P = .002) compared with PRK alone at 18 months postoperatively. The magnitude change and relative change rate of stiffness parameter A1 in the PRK-CXL were smaller than in the PRK group (-15.72 ± 14.56 vs -19.95 ± 14.37, P = .04, for magnitude change and -0.16 ± 0.15 vs -0.20 ± 0.14, P = .02, for relative change rate). In the PRK-CXL and PRK groups, 4.8% and 6.9% of eyes suffered grade 0.5 haze at postoperative 18-month. No cases of ectasia were reported in either group.PRK in combination with prophylactic crosslinking showed comparable safety and efficacy, but higher biomechanical stability compared to PRK alone, thus, the additional CXL plays a measurable role in reducing the change in corneal biomechanical properties after PRK in suspicious eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou
| | - Zheng Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha
- Department of Refractive Surgery, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, China
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Tisdale CS, Justin GA, Wang X, Chu X, Carlton DK, Okulicz JF, Schofield C, Maves RC, Agan BK, Legault GL. Refractive surgery in the HIV-positive U.S. Military Natural History Study Cohort: complications and risk factors. J Cataract Refract Surg 2019; 45:1612-1618. [PMID: 31585850 PMCID: PMC6842682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to assess the frequency of refractive surgery complications in HIV+ individuals and related risk factors. SETTINGS Multiple centers in the United States. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS The U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study is a prospective observational cohort study of HIV+ service members and beneficiaries. Participants were selected who had Current Procedural Terminology codes for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and other refractive surgeries. The frequency of complications was determined using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Covariates included age, sex, antiretroviral therapy, time since HIV diagnosis, history of AIDS, and CD4 (T lymphocytes) count and viral load. Statistical analysis was completed using univariate (χ2 and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests) and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Seventy-nine of 2073 participants had refractive surgery. Fifty-three patients underwent PRK, 23 LASIK, 2 radial keratotomy (RK), and 1 astigmatic correction. Complications occurred in 6 (7.6%) of 79 participants, including 5 patients who underwent PRK and 1 after RK, occurring between 8 and 217 days after surgery. Five ulcers and 1 unspecified keratitis were noted. In the univariate analysis, type of surgery (P = .02) and history of AIDS (P = .02) were risk factors for complications. In logistic regression analysis, no variables were found to be risk factors for complications. CONCLUSION Complications were infrequent among HIV+ participants after refractive surgery. Point estimates suggest that PRK might have more complications than LASIK and that advanced HIV, reflected by previous AIDS, might be associated with an increased risk for complications. Further study will be required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter S Tisdale
- 563rd Operations Support Squadron, Nellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Grant A Justin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Xun Wang
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiuping Chu
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Darrel K Carlton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason F Okulicz
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Schofield
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Maves), Naval Medical Center San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary L Legault
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Filip M, Nicolae M, Filip A, Dragne C, Triantafillydis G, Antonescu C. REFRACTIVE SURGERY FOR HIGH AMETROPIES, A FEW CONCLUSIONS. Rom J Ophthalmol 2015; 59:97-9. [PMID: 26978869 PMCID: PMC5712937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a few clinical cases of patients with high ametropies and/or anisometropia, who underwent one or two surgical procedures in our clinic, in order to obtain independence of glasses or contact lenses. Twenty cases of high ametropies were included in our study, with or without astigmatism, with transparent lenses, who presented in our clinic for surgical treatment to correct their refractive errors. Postoperatively, we analyzed the results and took decisions for each case in particular; sometimes a second surgical procedure was needed.
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