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Syamsu SA, Faruk M, Smaradania N, Sampepajung E, Pranoto AS, Irsandy F, Tammasse IFU. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: Current research in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2024; 43:79-92. [PMID: 38701137 DOI: 10.3233/bd-249006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy has shown encouraging outcomes in breast cancer (BC) treatment in recent years. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) transmembrane protein is suggested to function as a co-inhibitory factor in the immune response, where it collaborates with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to stimulate apoptosis, suppress cytokine release from PD-1 positive cells, and limit the growth of PD-1 positive cells. Furthermore, in many malignancies, PD-L1 reduces the immune system's response to neoplastic cells. These observations suggest that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis plays a vital role in cancer therapy and the regulation of cancer immune escape mechanisms. This review aimed to provide an overview of the functions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in BC cancer therapy. METHODS This research design is a literature review. The style is a traditional review on topics or variables relating to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. A literature search was carried out using three online databases. RESULTS The search using the keywords yielded a total of 248 studies. Each result was filtered again according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final total of 4 studies to be included in the literature review. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 is essential for many malignancies. According to the evidence presented, this combination presents both an opportunity and a challenge in cancer treatment. Since many solid cancers, especially BC, express high levels of PD-1/PD-L1, cancer treatment mainly involves targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ardi Syamsu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nilam Smaradania
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elridho Sampepajung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Agung Sindu Pranoto
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Febie Irsandy
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
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Fallon EA, Chung CS, Heffernan DS, Chen Y, De Paepe ME, Ayala A. Survival and Pulmonary Injury After Neonatal Sepsis: PD1/PDL1's Contributions to Mouse and Human Immunopathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634529. [PMID: 33746973 PMCID: PMC7965961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal sepsis remains a healthcare crisis. PD1-/- neonatal mice endured experimental sepsis, in the form of cecal slurry (CS), and showed improved rates of survival compared to wildtype (WT) counterparts. End-organ injury, particularly of the lung, contributes to the devastation set forth by neonatal sepsis. PDL1-/- neonatal mice, in contrast to PD1-/- neonatal mice did not have a significant improvement in survival after CS. Because of this, we focused subsequent studies on the impact of PD1 gene deficiency on lung injury. Here, we observed that at 24 h post-CS (but not at 4 or 12 h) there was a marked increase in pulmonary edema (PE), neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and cytokine expression sham (Sh) WT mice. Regarding pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule expression, we observed that Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) within the cell shifted from a membranous location to a peri-nuclear location after CS in WT murine cultured ECs at 24hrs, but remained membranous among PD1-/- lungs. To expand the scope of this inquiry, we investigated human neonatal lung tissue. We observed that the lungs of human newborns exposed to intrauterine infection had significantly higher numbers of PD1+ cells compared to specimens who died from non-infectious causes. Together, these data suggest that PD1/PDL1, a pathway typically thought to govern adaptive immune processes in adult animals, can modulate the largely innate neonatal pulmonary immune response to experimental septic insult. The potential future significance of this area of study includes that PD1/PDL1 checkpoint proteins may be viable therapeutic targets in the septic neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A. Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daithi S. Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yaping Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Monique E. De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, Women & Infants Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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Perisano C, Vitiello R, Sgambato A, Greco T, Cianni L, Ragonesi G, Malara T, Maccauro G, Martini M. Evaluation of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in high-grade sarcomas of the limbs in the adults: possible implications of immunotherapy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:289-294. Congress of the Italian Orthopaedic Research Society. [PMID: 33261292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours. Improvements in immunotherapy and the important role of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in advancement and prognosis have opened new fields of research for the treatment of these neoplasia. We evaluated the immunohistochemistry of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in 60 adults' patients affected by high-grade sarcomas of the limbs. PD1 expression was 65% while PD-L1 was 68.3%. PD-L1 expression seems to correlate to Ki67 in liposarcomas, fibrosarcoma's and pleomorphic sarcomas, while it does not show any correlation to chondrosarcomas, while in rhabdomyosarcomas there is a correlation but, given the small sample size, it was not possible to perform a statistic analysis. Our study shows positivity among the different subgroups of positive PD1 lymphocytes infiltration and PD-L1 expression in high-grade sarcomas of the limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Perisano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - R Vitiello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - A Sgambato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - T Greco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - L Cianni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - G Ragonesi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - T Malara
- Università di Messina, Messina, Italia
| | - G Maccauro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - M Martini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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Berntsson J, Eberhard J, Nodin B, Leandersson K, Larsson AH, Jirström K. Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 in colorectal cancer: Relationship with sidedness and prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1465165. [PMID: 30221062 PMCID: PMC6136864 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1465165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 has been demonstrated to confer a prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC), but no studies have investigated whether this association differs according to tumour location. In this study, immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was analysed in tissue microarrays with primary tumours from 557 incident CRC cases from a prospective population-based cohort. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, TNM stage, differentiation grade and vascular invasion, were applied to determine the impact of biomarker expression on 5-year overall survival (OS), in the entire cohort and in subgroup analysis of right colon, left colon, and rectum. High PD-L1 expression on tumour-infiltrating immune cells was an independent factor of a prolonged OS in the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] CI 0.35 – 0.68), and in tumours of the right colon (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.25 – 0.74) and the left colon (HR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.13 – 0.61), but not in rectal cancer. Tumour-specific PD-L1-expression was not prognostic, neither in the full cohort nor according to tumour location. High immune cell-specific PD-1 expression was associated with a prolonged OS in the entire cohort and in tumours of the right colon, but not in the left colon or rectum, and only in univariable analysis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that immune cell-specific PD-L1 and PD-1 expression is prognostic in a site-dependent manner, whereas tumour-specific PD-L1-expression is not prognostic in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Berntsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna H Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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