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Gochicoa-Rangel L, Arce SC, Aguirre-Franco C, Madrid-Mejía W, Gutiérrez-Clavería M, Noriega-Aguirre L, Schonffeldt-Guerrero P, Acuña-Izcaray A, Cortés-Telles A, Martínez-Valdeavellano L, Hernández-Rocha FI, Ceballos-Zúñiga O, Del Rio Hidalgo R, Sánchez S, Meneses-Tamayo E, Chérrez-Ojeda I. Effect of Altitude on Respiratory Functional Status in COVID-19 Survivors: Results from a Latin American Cohort-FIRCOV. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:37-48. [PMID: 36757307 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laura Gochicoa-Rangel, Santiago C. Arce, Carlos Aguirre-Franco, Wilmer Madrid-Mejía, Mónica Gutiérrez-Clavería, Lorena Noriega-Aguirre, Patricia Schonffeldt-Guerrero, Agustín Acuña-Izcaray, Arturo Cortés-Telles, Luisa Martínez-Valdeavellano, Federico Isaac Hernández-Rocha, Omar Ceballos-Zúñiga, Rodrigo Del Rio Hidalgo, Sonia Sánchez, Erika Meneses-Tamayo, and Iván Chérrez-Ojeda; and on Behalf of the Respiratory Physiology Project in COVID-19 (FIRCOV). Effect of altitude on respiratory functional status in COVID-19 survivors: results from a Latin American Cohort-FIRCOV. High Alt Med Biol 24:37-48, 2023. Persistent symptoms and lung function abnormalities are common in COVID-19 survivors. Objectives: To determine the effect of altitude and other independent variables on respiratory function in COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional cohort study done at 13 medical centers in Latin America located at different altitudes above sea level. COVID-19 survivors were invited to perform pulmonary function tests at least 3 weeks after diagnosis. Results: 1,368 participants (59% male) had mild (20%), moderate (59%), and severe (21%) disease. Restriction by spirometry was noted in 32%; diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was low in 43.7%; and 22.2% walked less meters during the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). In multiple linear regression models, higher altitude was associated with better spirometry, DLCO and 6-MWT, but lower oxygen saturation at rest and during exercise. Men were 3 times more likely to have restriction and 5.7 times more likely to have a low DLCO. Those who had required mechanical ventilation had lower DLCO and walked less during the 6-MWT. Conclusions: Men were more likely to have lower lung function than women, even after correcting for disease severity and other factors. Patients living at a higher altitude were more likely to have better spirometric patterns and walked farther but had lower DLCO and oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago C Arce
- Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Aguirre-Franco
- Servicio de Pruebas de Función Pulmonar, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilmer Madrid-Mejía
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Lorena Noriega-Aguirre
- Centro de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Respiratorias CEDITER, Cd. De Panamá, Panamá
| | | | - Agustín Acuña-Izcaray
- Servicio de Neumonología, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad y Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Arturo Cortés-Telles
- Clínica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, HRAE de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Sánchez
- Centro de Estudios Respiratorios, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Erika Meneses-Tamayo
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Ciudad de México, México
| | - Iván Chérrez-Ojeda
- Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Respiralab Research Center, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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