1
|
Niemczyk A, Jędrzejewski R, Piwowarczyk J, Baranowska J. Rubber-like PTFE Thin Coatings Deposited by Pulsed Electron Beam Deposition (PED) Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1205. [PMID: 38732674 PMCID: PMC11085439 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PTFE coatings were manufactured using the pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) technique and deposited on Si substrates. The deposition was carried out at constant parameters: temperature 24 °C, discharge voltages 12 kV, and 5000 electron pulses with a pulse frequency of 5 Hz. Nitrogen was used as the background gas. The gas pressure varied from 3 to 11 mTorr. The coating adhesion was evaluated using micro scratch testing and the residual scratch morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy. Detailed studies of the chemical and physical structure were conducted using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. These analyses were then correlated with the mechanical response of the coatings observed during the scratch tests. Drawing upon a review of the literature concerning energetic beam interactions with PTFE material, hypotheses were posed to explain why only specific conditions of the PED process yielded PTFE coatings with rubber-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Niemczyk
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Roman Jędrzejewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Baranowska
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spaggiari G, Bersani D, Calestani D, Gilioli E, Gombia E, Mezzadri F, Casappa M, Pattini F, Trevisi G, Rampino S. Exploring Cu-Doping for Performance Improvement in Sb 2Se 3 Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15529. [PMID: 36555173 PMCID: PMC9778842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-doped antimony selenide (Cu-doped Sb2Se3) thin films were deposited as absorber layers in photovoltaic solar cells using the low-temperature pulsed electron deposition (LT-PED) technique, starting from Sb2Se3 targets where part of the Sb was replaced with Cu. From a crystalline point of view, the best results were achieved for thin films with about Sb1.75Cu0.25Se3 composition. In order to compare the results with those previously obtained on undoped thin films, Cu-doped Sb2Se3 films were deposited both on Mo- and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrates, which have different influences on the film crystallization and grain orientation. From the current-voltage analysis it was determined that the introduction of Cu in the Sb2Se3 absorber enhanced the open circuit voltage (VOC) up to remarkable values higher than 500 mV, while the free carrier density became two orders of magnitude higher than in pure Sb2Se3-based solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spaggiari
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Calestani
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Edmondo Gilioli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Enos Gombia
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Mezzadri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Casappa
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Pattini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trevisi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Rampino
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|