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Banik SSR, Kushnir N, Doranz BJ, Chambers R. Breaking barriers in antibody discovery: harnessing divergent species for accessing difficult and conserved drug targets. MAbs 2023; 15:2273018. [PMID: 38050985 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2273018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To exploit highly conserved and difficult drug targets, including multipass membrane proteins, monoclonal antibody discovery efforts increasingly rely on the advantages offered by divergent species such as rabbits, camelids, and chickens. Here, we provide an overview of antibody discovery technologies, analyze gaps in therapeutic antibodies that stem from the historic use of mice, and examine opportunities to exploit previously inaccessible targets through discovery now possible in alternate species. We summarize the clinical development of antibodies raised from divergent species, discussing how these animals enable robust immune responses against highly conserved binding sites and yield antibodies capable of penetrating functional pockets via long HCDR3 regions. We also discuss the value of pan-reactive molecules often produced by these hosts, and how these antibodies can be tested in accessible animal models, offering a faster path to clinical development.
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Friligou I, Gassner J, Knoblauch D, Kagerer G, Popp F, Voit S, Engel AM, Leinenbach A, Steffen W, Haberger M, Tabarés G. Glycosylation of recombinant rabbit immunoglobulins influences protease susceptibility as shown by comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan analysis. Glycobiology 2021; 31:762-771. [PMID: 33554253 PMCID: PMC8351503 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunoglobulins (rIgGs) have become increasingly important as therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools in recent years. Genetic engineering allows the introduction of non-natural features such as the Sortase motif for site-directed labeling. In this study, the enzyme Sortase A (SrtA) was used for the proteolytic cleavage of rIgGs to produce their biotinylated Fab fragments by locating the cleavage site close to the hinge region. However, SrtA cleavage of engineered rabbit IgGs (rRb-IgGs) derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells showed significantly lower yields compared with their mouse counterparts. Nonrecombinant Rb-IgGs have N- and O-glycans, and the presence of O-glycans close to the hinge region of the rRb-IgGs might affect the susceptibility of these antibodies to SrtA cleavage. In addition, the glycosylation pattern of rIgGs differs depending on the host cell used for expression. Therefore, we analyzed the N- and O-glycans of various rRb-IgGs expressed in HEK293 cells, detecting and quantifying 13 different N-glycan and 3 different O-glycan structures. The distribution of the different detected glycoforms in our rRb-IgG N-glycan analysis is in agreement with previous studies on recombinant human IgG N-glycans, confirming the hypothesis that the host cell defines the glycosylation of the recombinant produced IgGs. O-glycosylation could be mapped onto the threonine residue within the hinge region sequence XPTCPPPX, as already described previously for nonrecombinant Rb-IgGs. Substitution of this threonine allowed an almost complete Fab fragment cleavage. Therefore, we could confirm the hypothesis that the O-glycans affect the SrtA activity, probably due to steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Friligou
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jana Gassner
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Knoblauch
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Kagerer
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Popp
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Voit
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Alfred M Engel
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Leinenbach
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wojtek Steffen
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Markus Haberger
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Glòria Tabarés
- Department of Early Development and Reagent Design, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwaldstr. 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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Ojima-Kato T, Morishita S, Uchida Y, Nagai S, Kojima T, Nakano H. Rapid Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies from Single B Cells by Ecobody Technology. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7040038. [PMID: 31544888 PMCID: PMC6698955 DOI: 10.3390/antib7040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single B cell sampling following to direct gene amplification and transient expression in animal cells has been recognized as powerful monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) screening strategies. Here we report Ecobody technology which allows mAbs screening from single B cells in two days This technology uses Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) for mAb expression. In the CFPS step, we employed our original techniques: (1) ‘Zipbody’ as a modified Fab (fragment of antigen binding) format, in which the active Fab formation is facilitated by adhesive leucine zipper peptides fused at the C-termini of the light and heavy chains; and (2) an N-terminal SKIK peptide tag that can markedly increase protein production. By the Ecobody technology, we demonstrated rapid screening of antigen specific mAbs from immunized rabbits and Epstein-Barr Virus infected human B cells. We further obtained rabbit mAbs in E. coli expression system yielding to 8.5 mg of purified proteins from 1 L bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Ojima-Kato
- iBody Inc., Furo-cho 1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shiomi Morishita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshino Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Satomi Nagai
- iBody Inc., Furo-cho 1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hideo Nakano
- iBody Inc., Furo-cho 1, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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