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Censi S, Watutantrige-Fernando S, Groccia G, Manso J, Plebani M, Faggian D, Mion MM, Venturini R, Andrisani A, Casaro A, Vita P, Avogadro A, Camilot M, Scaroni C, Bertazza L, Barollo S, Mian C. The Effects of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy on Iodine Status, Thyroglobulin Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in a Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency Area. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112639. [PMID: 31689890 PMCID: PMC6893432 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine supplementation during pregnancy in areas with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency is still debated. METHODS A single-center, randomized, single-blind and placebo-controlled (3:2) trial was conducted. We enrolled 90 women before 12 weeks of gestation. From enrollment up until 8 weeks after delivery, 52 women were given an iodine supplement (225 ug/day, potassium iodide tablets) and 38 were given placebo. At recruitment (T0), in the second (T1) and third trimesters (T2), and 8 weeks after delivery (T3), we measured participants' urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Creat), thyroid function parameters (thyroglobulin (Tg), TSH, FT3, and FT4), and thyroid volume (TV). The newborns' urinary iodine concentrations were evaluated in 16 cases. RESULTS Median UI/Creat at recruitment was 53.3 ug/g. UI/Creat was significantly higher in supplemented women at T1 and T2. Tg levels were lower at T1 and T2 in women with UI/Creat ≥ 150 ug/g, and in the Iodine group at T2 (p = 0.02). There was a negative correlation between Tg and UI/Creat throughout the study (p = 0.03, r = -0.1268). A lower TSH level was found in the Iodine group at T3 (p = 0.001). TV increased by +Δ7.43% in the Iodine group, and by +Δ11.17% in the Placebo group. No differences were found between the newborns' TSH levels on screening the two groups. CONCLUSION Tg proved a good parameter for measuring iodine intake in our placebo-controlled series. Iodine supplementation did not prove harmful to pregnancy in areas of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, with no appreciable harmful effect on thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Censi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Giulia Groccia
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Manso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mario Plebani
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Diego Faggian
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Monica Maria Mion
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Roberta Venturini
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Andrisani
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Anna Casaro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pietro Vita
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Avogadro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marta Camilot
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Centre for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Congenital Endocrine Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Loris Bertazza
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit; University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Hou M, Xie JF, Kong XP, Zhang Y, Shao YF, Wang C, Ren WT, Cui GF, Xin L, Hou YP. Acupoint injection of onabotulinumtoxin A for migraines. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4442-54. [PMID: 26529014 PMCID: PMC4663513 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Onabotulinumtoxin A (BoNTA) has been reported to be effective in the therapy for migraines. Acupuncture has been used worldwide for the treatment of migraine attacks. Injection of a small amount of drug at acupuncture points is an innovation as compared to traditional acupuncture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of fixed (muscle)-site and acupoint-site injections of BoNTA for migraine therapy in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial extending over four months. Subjects with both episodic and chronic migraines respectively received a placebo (n = 19) or BoNTA (2.5 U each site, 25 U per subject) injection at fixed-sites (n = 41) including occipitofrontalis, corrugator supercilii, temporalis and trapeziue, or at acupoint-sites (n = 42) including Yintang (EX-HN3), Taiyang (EX-HN5), Baihui (GV20), Shuaigu (GB8), Fengchi (GB20) and Tianzhu (BL10). The variations between baseline and BoNTA post-injection for four months were calculated monthly as outcome measures. BoNTA injections at fixed-sites and acupoint-sites significantly reduced the migraine attack frequency, intensity, duration and associated symptoms for four months compared with placebo (p < 0.01). The efficacy of BoNTA for migraines in the acupoint-site group (93% improvement) was more significant than that in the fixed-site group (85% improvement) (p < 0.01). BoNTA administration for migraines is effective, and at acupoint-sites shows more efficacy than at fixed-sites. Further blinded studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of a low dose toxin (25 U) introduced with this methodology in chronic and episodic migraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiang-Pan Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Gansu Province People Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Guang-Fu Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Le Xin
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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