1
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Huang JH, Chen Y, Huang WYC, Tabatabaee S, Ferrell JE. Robust trigger wave speed in Xenopus cytoplasmic extracts. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.22.573127. [PMID: 38187567 PMCID: PMC10769400 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Self-regenerating trigger waves can spread rapidly through the crowded cytoplasm without diminishing in amplitude or speed, providing consistent, reliable, long-range communication. The macromolecular concentration of the cytoplasm varies in response to physiological and environmental fluctuations, raising the question of how or if trigger waves can robustly operate in the face of such fluctuations. Using Xenopus extracts, we found that mitotic and apoptotic trigger wave speeds are remarkably invariant. We derived a model that accounts for this robustness and for the eventual slowing at extremely high and low cytoplasmic concentrations. The model implies that the positive and negative effects of cytoplasmic concentration (increased reactant concentration vs. increased viscosity) are nearly precisely balanced. Accordingly, artificially maintaining a constant cytoplasmic viscosity during dilution abrogates this robustness. The robustness in trigger wave speeds may contribute to the reliability of the extremely rapid embryonic cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Hsi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Saman Tabatabaee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 943055307, USA
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2
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Xing Z, Zhang G, Ye J, Zhou Z, Gao J, Du B, Yue K, Wang Q, Liu J. Liesegang Phenomenon of Liquid Metals on Au Film. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209392. [PMID: 36416104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature liquid metals (LM) such as gallium (Ga) own the potential to react with specific materials which would incubate new application categories. Here, diverse self-organized ring patterns due to nonequilibrium reaction-diffusion and spreading-limitation of Ga-based LM clusters on gold (Au) film are reported, among which diffusion is the controlling step and the self-limiting oxide layer plays the role of kinetic barrier. Such phenomena, classically known as the Liesegang rings, mainly occur in electrolyte media. Unlike existing systems, the present periodic crystallization mechanism enables highly symmetric spatiotemporal periodic Liesegang rings on a smaller scale under ambient conditions. Typically, the Ga-Au and eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn)-Au reaction-diffusion-spreading systems are constructed, obtaining the revert type and hybrid type concentric Liesegang patterns, respectively. The competitive patterning behavior of the intermediate phase products AuGa2 and AuIn2 in hybrid Liesegang patterns is further analyzed by altering the initial Ga/In mass ratio, first-principles calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations. When the mass ratio of In in GaIn alloy exceeds 15%, it will preferentially react with Au. The discovery of LM Liesegang phenomenon is expected to be a flashpoint for self-organized reaction-diffusion systems and offers promising rules for diverse areas such as materials synthesis and the jewelry design industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Genpei Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, 528399, China
| | - Jiao Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuquan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianye Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bangdeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, 528399, China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Korobkin J, Balabin FA, Yakovenko SA, Simonenko EY, Sveshnikova AN. Occurrence of Calcium Oscillations in Human Spermatozoa Is Based on Spatial Signaling Enzymes Distribution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8018. [PMID: 34360784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In human spermatozoa, calcium dynamics control most of fertilization events. Progesterone, present in the female reproductive system, can trigger several types of calcium responses, such as low-frequency oscillations. Here we aimed to identify the mechanisms of progesterone-induced calcium signaling in human spermatozoa. Progesterone-induced activation of fluorophore-loaded spermatozoa was studied by fluorescent microscopy. Two computational models were developed to describe the spermatozoa calcium responses: a homogeneous one based on a system of ordinary differential equations and a three-dimensional one with added space dimensions and diffusion for the cytosolic species. In response to progesterone, three types of calcium responses were observed in human spermatozoa: a single transient rise of calcium concentration in cytosol, a steady elevation, or low-frequency oscillations. The homogenous model provided qualitative description of the oscillatory and the single spike responses, while the three-dimensional model captured the calcium peak shape and the frequency of calcium oscillations. The model analysis demonstrated that an increase in the calcium diffusion coefficient resulted in the disappearance of the calcium oscillations. Additionally, in silico analysis suggested that the spatial distribution of calcium signaling enzymes governs the appearance of calcium oscillations in progesterone-activated human spermatozoa.
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4
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Kretschmer S, Heermann T, Tassinari A, Glock P, Schwille P. Increasing MinD's Membrane Affinity Yields Standing Wave Oscillations and Functional Gradients on Flat Membranes. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:939-949. [PMID: 33881306 PMCID: PMC8155659 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of large-scale patterns through molecular self-organization is a basic principle of life. Accordingly, the engineering of protein patterns and gradients is of prime relevance for synthetic biology. As a paradigm for such pattern formation, the bacterial MinDE protein system is based on self-organization of the ATPase MinD and ATPase-activating protein MinE on lipid membranes. Min patterns can be tightly regulated by tuning physical or biochemical parameters. Among the biochemically engineerable modules, MinD's membrane targeting sequence, despite being a key regulating element, has received little attention. Here we attempt to engineer patterns by modulating the membrane affinity of MinD. Unlike the traveling waves or stationary patterns commonly observed in vitro on flat supported membranes, standing-wave oscillations emerge upon elongating MinD's membrane targeting sequence via rationally guided mutagenesis. These patterns are capable of forming gradients and thereby spatially target co-reconstituted downstream proteins, highlighting their functional potential in designing new life-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kretschmer
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Current
affiliation: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tamara Heermann
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Tassinari
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Glock
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute
of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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5
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Kamps D, Koch J, Juma VO, Campillo-Funollet E, Graessl M, Banerjee S, Mazel T, Chen X, Wu YW, Portet S, Madzvamuse A, Nalbant P, Dehmelt L. Optogenetic Tuning Reveals Rho Amplification-Dependent Dynamics of a Cell Contraction Signal Network. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108467. [PMID: 33264629 PMCID: PMC7710677 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Local cell contraction pulses play important roles in tissue and cell morphogenesis. Here, we improve a chemo-optogenetic approach and apply it to investigate the signal network that generates these pulses. We use these measurements to derive and parameterize a system of ordinary differential equations describing temporal signal network dynamics. Bifurcation analysis and numerical simulations predict a strong dependence of oscillatory system dynamics on the concentration of GEF-H1, an Lbc-type RhoGEF, which mediates the positive feedback amplification of Rho activity. This prediction is confirmed experimentally via optogenetic tuning of the effective GEF-H1 concentration in individual living cells. Numerical simulations show that pulse amplitude is most sensitive to external inputs into the myosin component at low GEF-H1 concentrations and that the spatial pulse width is dependent on GEF-H1 diffusion. Our study offers a theoretical framework to explain the emergence of local cell contraction pulses and their modulation by biochemical and mechanical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kamps
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Koch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Victor O Juma
- Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Pevensey III, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | | | - Melanie Graessl
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Soumya Banerjee
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tomáš Mazel
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Portet
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Anotida Madzvamuse
- Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Pevensey III, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Department of Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Ratto N, Marion M, Volpert V. Existence of pulses for a reaction-diffusion system of blood coagulation in flow. Math Biosci Eng 2019; 16:4196-4212. [PMID: 31499658 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2019209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A reaction-diffusion system describing blood coagulation in flow is studied. We prove the existence of stationary solutions provided that the speed of the travelling wave problem for the limiting value of the velocity is positive. The implications to the problem of clot growth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ratto
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5585 CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Martine Marion
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5585 CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5585 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- INRIA, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, 69200 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the RAS, ul. Gubkina 8, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Jörg DJ, Caygill EE, Hakes AE, Contreras EG, Brand AH, Simons BD. The proneural wave in the Drosophila optic lobe is driven by an excitable reaction-diffusion mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:e40919. [PMID: 30794154 PMCID: PMC6386523 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, self-organised waves of signalling activity propagate spatiotemporal information within tissues. During the development of the largest component of the visual processing centre of the Drosophila brain, a travelling wave of proneural gene expression initiates neurogenesis in the larval optic lobe primordium and drives the sequential transition of neuroepithelial cells into neuroblasts. Here, we propose that this 'proneural wave' is driven by an excitable reaction-diffusion system involving epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling interacting with the proneural gene l'sc. Within this framework, a propagating transition zone emerges from molecular feedback and diffusion. Ectopic activation of EGFR signalling in clones within the neuroepithelium demonstrates that a transition wave can be excited anywhere in the tissue by inducing signalling activity, consistent with a key prediction of the model. Our model illuminates the physical and molecular underpinnings of proneural wave progression and suggests a generic mechanism for regulating the sequential differentiation of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jörg
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth E Caygill
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna E Hakes
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Esteban G Contreras
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- The Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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8
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Glock P, Ramm B, Heermann T, Kretschmer S, Schweizer J, Mücksch J, Alagöz G, Schwille P. Stationary Patterns in a Two-Protein Reaction-Diffusion System. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:148-157. [PMID: 30571913 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patterns formed by reaction-diffusion mechanisms are crucial for the development or sustenance of most organisms in nature. Patterns include dynamic waves, but are more often found as static distributions, such as animal skin patterns. Yet, a simplistic biological model system to reproduce and quantitatively investigate static reaction-diffusion patterns has been missing so far. Here, we demonstrate that the Escherichia coli Min system, known for its oscillatory behavior between the cell poles, is under certain conditions capable of transitioning to quasi-stationary protein distributions on membranes closely resembling Turing patterns. We systematically titrated both proteins, MinD and MinE, and found that removing all purification tags and linkers from the N-terminus of MinE was critical for static patterns to occur. At small bulk heights, dynamic patterns dominate, such as in rod-shaped microcompartments. We see implications of this work for studying pattern formation in general, but also for creating artificial gradients as downstream cues in synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Glock
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Beatrice Ramm
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Tamara Heermann
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jakob Schweizer
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Gökberk Alagöz
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried 82152, Germany
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9
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Kitahata H, Tanaka M. Mathematical approach to unpinning of spiral waves anchored to an obstacle with high-frequency pacing. Biophys Physicobiol 2018; 15:196-203. [PMID: 30349804 PMCID: PMC6194964 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.15.0_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiral waves are observed in wide variety of reaction-diffusion systems. Those observed in cardiac tissues are important since they are related to serious disease that threatens human lives, such as atrial or ventricular fibrillation. We consider the unpinning of spiral waves anchored to a circular obstacle on excitable media using high-frequency pacing. Here, we consider two types of the obstacle; i.e., that without any diffusive interaction with the environment, and that with diffusive interaction. We found that the threshold frequency for success in unpinning is lower for the obstacle with diffusive interaction than for the one without it. We discuss the threshold frequency based on the angular velocity of a chemical wave anchoring the obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Ishida T. Possibility of Controlling Self-Organized Patterns with Totalistic Cellular Automata Consisting of Both Rules like Game of Life and Rules Producing Turing Patterns. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E339. [PMID: 30424272 PMCID: PMC6082263 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The basic rules of self-organization using a totalistic cellular automaton (CA) were investigated, for which the cell state was determined by summing the states of neighboring cells, like in Conway's Game of Life. This study used a short-range and long-range summation of the cell states around the focal cell. These resemble reaction-diffusion (RD) equations, in which self-organizing behavior emerges from interactions between an activating factor and an inhibiting factor. In addition, Game-of-Life-type rules, in which a cell cannot survive when adjoined by too many or too few living cells, were applied. Our model was able to mimic patterns characteristic of biological cells, including movement, growth, and reproduction. This result suggests the possibility of controlling self-organized patterns. Our model can also be applied to the control of engineering systems, such as multirobot swarms and self-assembling microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishida
- Department of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
Molecular signal transmission in cell is very crucial for information exchange. How to understand its transmission mechanism has attracted many researchers. In this paper, we prove that signal transmission problem between neural tumor molecules and drug molecules can be achieved by synchronous control. To achieve our purpose, we derive the Fokker-Plank equation by using the Langevin equation and theory of random walk, this is a model which can express the concentration change of neural tumor molecules. Second, according to the biological character that vesicles in cell can be combined with cell membrane to release the cargo which plays a role of signal transmission, we preliminarily analyzed the mechanism of tumor-drug molecular interaction. Third, we propose the view of synchronous control which means the process of vesicle docking with their target membrane is a synchronization process, and we can achieve the precise treatment of disease by using synchronous control. We believe this synchronous control mechanism is reasonable and two examples are given to illustrate the correctness of our results obtained in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Applied Mathematics, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Jianwei Shen
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
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12
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones in response to chemical signals secreted by, for example, a wound or a tumour. In this paper, we propose a mesoscopic lattice-based model of angiogenesis, in which processes that include proliferation and cell movement are considered as stochastic events. By studying the dependence of the model on the lattice spacing and the number of cells involved, we are able to derive the deterministic continuum limit of our equations and compare it to similar existing models of angiogenesis. We further identify conditions under which the use of continuum models is justified, and others for which stochastic or discrete effects dominate. We also compare different stochastic models for the movement of endothelial tip cells which have the same macroscopic, deterministic behaviour, but lead to markedly different behaviour in terms of production of new vessel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spill
- OCCAM, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK,
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13
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Lei C, Kim K, Lin Z. The spreading frontiers of avian-human influenza described by the free boundary. Sci China Math 2013; 57:971-990. [PMID: 32214993 PMCID: PMC7089280 DOI: 10.1007/s11425-013-4652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a reaction-diffusion system is proposed to investigate avian-human influenza. Two free boundaries are introduced to describe the spreading frontiers of the avian influenza. The basic reproduction numbers r 0 F (t) and R 0 F (t) are defined for the bird with the avian influenza and for the human with the mutant avian influenza of the free boundary problem, respectively. Properties of these two time-dependent basic reproduction numbers are obtained. Sufficient conditions both for spreading and for vanishing of the avian influenza are given. It is shown that if r 0 F (0) < 1 and the initial number of the infected birds is small, the avian influenza vanishes in the bird world. Furthermore, if r 0 F (0) < 1 and R 0 F (0) < 1, the avian influenza vanishes in the bird and human worlds. In the case that r 0 F (0) < 1 and R 0 F (0) > 1, spreading of the mutant avian influenza in the human world is possible. It is also shown that if r 0 F (t 0) ⩾ 1 for any t 0 ⩾ 0, the avian influenza spreads in the bird world.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengXia Lei
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002 China
| | - KwangIk Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - ZhiGui Lin
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002 China
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