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Obermann WMJ, König S, Feickert MK, Sanz-Soler R, Eble JA. A change of rhodocytin's suprastructure turns the agonist into an antagonist of tumor cell induced platelet aggregation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23402. [PMID: 38193585 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells circulating in the blood attach to platelets by direct cell-cell interactions via several receptor-counterreceptor contacts and indirectly by fibrin bridges which connect the two cell types by distinct integrin receptors. In the microenvironment of these tumor cell platelet aggregates (TCPAs), the tumor cells are shielded from the shear stress of the blood flow and from attack by the immune system. This supports hematogenous metastasis and tumor cell induced thrombosis. Platelet activation is triggered by binding of podoplanin on cancer cells to the platelet receptor Clec-2. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting this initial step will prevent the entire cascade leading to the formation of TCPAs. Rhodocytin, a heterodimeric (αβ)2 C-type lectin from the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma, binds to Clec-2 and thereby induces TCPA formation. Remarkably, mutations in rhodocytin that disturbed formation of oligomers, blocked the podoplanin-Clec-2 axis and prevented platelet activation. Therefore, we used lysine reactive chemicals to modify rhodocytin isolated from the crude snake venom. Blue native gel electrophoresis and far western blotting showed a change of rhodocytin's suprastructure triggered by acetylation and PEGylation. Mass spectrometry analysis of altered lysines suggested that their modifications interfered with the formation of rhodocytin tetramers. When tested in assays for tumor cell induced platelet aggregation, we found that derivatization turned rhodocytin from an agonist into an antagonist. This observation indicates that Clec-2 is a valid target receptor molecule to curb TCPA formation and to prevent hematogenous metastasis and tumor cell induced thrombosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M J Obermann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Mascha K Feickert
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Sasaki T, Shirai T, Tsukiji N, Otake S, Tamura S, Ichikawa J, Osada M, Satoh K, Ozaki Y, Suzuki-Inoue K. Functional characterization of recombinant snake venom rhodocytin: rhodocytin mutant blocks CLEC-2/podoplanin-dependent platelet aggregation and lung metastasis. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:960-972. [PMID: 29488681 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essentials We generated recombinant rhodocytin that could aggregate platelets via CLEC-2. Recombinant wild-type rhodocytin formed heterooctamer with four α- and β-subunits. Asp 4 in α-subunit of rhodocytin was required for binding to CLEC-2. Inhibitory mutant of rhodocytin blocked podoplanin-dependent hematogenous metastasis. SUMMARY Background Rhodocytin, a disulfide-linked heterodimeric C-type lectin from Calloselasma rhodostoma consisting of α-subunits and β-subunits, induces platelet aggregation through C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). CLEC-2 is a physiological binding partner of podoplanin (PDPN), which is expressed on some tumor cell types, and is involved in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and tumor metastasis. Thus, modified rhodocytin may be a possible source of anti-CLEC-2 drugs for both antiplatelet and antimetastasis therapy. However, its molecular function has not been well characterized, because of the lack of recombinant rhodocytin that induces platelet aggregation. Objective To produce recombinant rhodocytin, in order to verify its function with mutagenesis, and to develop an anti-CLEC-2 drug based on the findings. Methods We used Chinese hamster ovary cells to express recombinant rhodocytin (wild-type [WT] and mutant), which was analyzed for induction/inhibition of platelet aggregation with light transmission aggregometry, the formation of multimers with blue native PAGE, and binding to CLEC-2 with flow cytometry. Finally, we investigated whether mutant rhodocytin could suppress PDPN-induced metastasis in an experimental lung metastasis mouse model. Results Functional WT] rhodocytin (αWTβWT) was obtained by coexpression of both subunits. Asp4 in α-subunits of rhodocytin was required for CLEC-2 binding. αWTβWT formed a heterooctamer similarly to native rhodocytin. Moreover, an inhibitory mutant of rhodocytin (αWTβK53A/R56A), forming a heterotetramer, bound to CLEC-2 without inducing platelet aggregation, and blocked CLEC-2-PDPN interaction-dependent platelet aggregation and experimental lung metastasis. Conclusion These findings provide molecular characterization information on rhodocytin, and suggest that mutant rhodocytin could be used as a therapeutic agent to target CLEC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - T Shirai
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - N Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - S Tamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - J Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - M Osada
- School of Medical Technology, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - K Satoh
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | - Y Ozaki
- Fuefuki Central Hospital, Fuefuki, Japan
| | - K Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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Badolia R, Inamdar V, Manne BK, Dangelmaier C, Eble JA, Kunapuli SP. G q pathway regulates proximal C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) signaling in platelets. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14516-14531. [PMID: 28705934 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in the physiological hemostasis or pathological process of thrombosis. Rhodocytin, an agonist of the C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2), elicits powerful platelet activation signals in conjunction with Src family kinases (SFKs), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and phospholipase γ2 (PLCγ2). Previous reports have shown that rhodocytin-induced platelet aggregation depends on secondary mediators such as thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and ADP, which are agonists for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on platelets. How the secondary mediators regulate CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation in terms of signaling is not clearly defined. In this study, we report that CLEC-2-induced Syk and PLCγ2 phosphorylation is potentiated by TxA2 and that TxA2 plays a critical role in the most proximal event of CLEC-2 signaling, i.e. the CLEC-2 receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. We show that the activation of other GPCRs, such as the ADP receptors and protease-activated receptors, can also potentiate CLEC-2 signaling. By using the specific Gq inhibitor, UBO-QIC, or Gq knock-out murine platelets, we demonstrate that Gq signaling, but not other G-proteins, is essential for GPCR-induced potentiation of Syk phosphorylation downstream of CLEC-2. We further elucidated the signaling downstream of Gq and identified an important role for the PLCβ-PKCα pathway, possibly regulating activation of SFKs, which are crucial for initiation of CLEC-2 signaling. Together, these results provide evidence for novel Gq-PLCβ-PKCα-mediated regulation of proximal CLEC-2 signaling by Gq-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Badolia
- From the Department of Physiology.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Vaishali Inamdar
- From the Department of Physiology.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Bhanu Kanth Manne
- From the Department of Physiology.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Carol Dangelmaier
- From the Department of Physiology.,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Johannes A Eble
- the Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Department of Physiology, .,Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
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Watson AA, O’Callaghan CA. Molecular analysis of the interaction of the snake venom rhodocytin with the platelet receptor CLEC-2. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:991-1003. [PMID: 22069753 PMCID: PMC3202865 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma, produces a potent venom toxin, rhodocytin (aggretin) which causes platelet aggregation. Rhodocytin is a ligand for the receptor CLEC-2 on the surface of platelets. The interaction of these two molecules initiates a signaling pathway which results in platelet activation and aggregation. We have previously solved the crystal structures of CLEC-2 and of rhodocytin, and have proposed models by which tetrameric rhodocytin may interact with either two monomers of CLEC-2, or with one or two copies of dimeric CLEC-2. In the current study we use a range of approaches to analyze the molecular interfaces and dynamics involved in the models of the interaction of rhodocytin with either one or two copies of dimeric CLEC-2, and their implications for clustering of CLEC-2 on the platelet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge/ 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK;
| | - Christopher A. O’Callaghan
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford/ Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +44-1865-287789; Fax: +44-1865-287787
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Hughes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Leyre Navarro-Núñez
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brenda A. Finney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Diego Mourão-Sá
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln’s Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Alice Y. Pollitt
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, The College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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