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Smith D, Gopinath S, Arockiaraj FG, Reddy ANK, Balasubramani V, Kumar R, Dubey N, Ng SH, Katkus T, Selva SJ, Renganathan D, Kamalam MBR, John Francis Rajeswary AS, Navaneethakrishnan S, Inbanathan SR, Valdma SM, Praveen PA, Amudhavel J, Kumar M, Ganeev RA, Magistretti PJ, Depeursinge C, Juodkazis S, Rosen J, Anand V. Nonlinear Reconstruction of Images from Patterns Generated by Deterministic or Random Optical Masks-Concepts and Review of Research. J Imaging 2022; 8:174. [PMID: 35735973 PMCID: PMC9225382 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect-imaging methods involve at least two steps, namely optical recording and computational reconstruction. The optical-recording process uses an optical modulator that transforms the light from the object into a typical intensity distribution. This distribution is numerically processed to reconstruct the object's image corresponding to different spatial and spectral dimensions. There have been numerous optical-modulation functions and reconstruction methods developed in the past few years for different applications. In most cases, a compatible pair of the optical-modulation function and reconstruction method gives optimal performance. A new reconstruction method, termed nonlinear reconstruction (NLR), was developed in 2017 to reconstruct the object image in the case of optical-scattering modulators. Over the years, it has been revealed that the NLR can reconstruct an object's image modulated by an axicons, bifocal lenses and even exotic spiral diffractive elements, which generate deterministic optical fields. Apparently, NLR seems to be a universal reconstruction method for indirect imaging. In this review, the performance of NLR isinvestigated for many deterministic and stochastic optical fields. Simulation and experimental results for different cases are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Smith
- Optical Sciences Center and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (D.S.); (S.H.N.); (T.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Shivasubramanian Gopinath
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625009, India; (S.G.); (D.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Francis Gracy Arockiaraj
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai 625009, India; (F.G.A.); (S.J.S.); (M.B.R.K.); (S.R.I.)
| | - Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy
- Hee Photonic Labs, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Vinoth Balasubramani
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (V.B.); (P.J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Ravi Kumar
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.K.); (N.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Nitin Dubey
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.K.); (N.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Soon Hock Ng
- Optical Sciences Center and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (D.S.); (S.H.N.); (T.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Tomas Katkus
- Optical Sciences Center and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (D.S.); (S.H.N.); (T.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Shakina Jothi Selva
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai 625009, India; (F.G.A.); (S.J.S.); (M.B.R.K.); (S.R.I.)
| | - Dhanalakshmi Renganathan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625009, India; (S.G.); (D.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Manueldoss Beaula Ruby Kamalam
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai 625009, India; (F.G.A.); (S.J.S.); (M.B.R.K.); (S.R.I.)
| | | | | | - Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, The American College, Madurai 625009, India; (F.G.A.); (S.J.S.); (M.B.R.K.); (S.R.I.)
| | - Sandhra-Mirella Valdma
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.J.F.R.); (S.-M.V.); (P.A.P.); (J.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Periyasamy Angamuthu Praveen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.J.F.R.); (S.-M.V.); (P.A.P.); (J.A.); (M.K.)
- Organic Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Jayavel Amudhavel
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.J.F.R.); (S.-M.V.); (P.A.P.); (J.A.); (M.K.)
- School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal 466114, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.J.F.R.); (S.-M.V.); (P.A.P.); (J.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Rashid A. Ganeev
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Kori Niyozov Str. 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (V.B.); (P.J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Christian Depeursinge
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (V.B.); (P.J.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Center and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (D.S.); (S.H.N.); (T.K.); (S.J.)
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Joseph Rosen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (R.K.); (N.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Vijayakumar Anand
- Optical Sciences Center and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Optical Sciences Center, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (D.S.); (S.H.N.); (T.K.); (S.J.)
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.J.F.R.); (S.-M.V.); (P.A.P.); (J.A.); (M.K.)
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