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Liao CJ, Chi HC, Tsai CY, Chen CD, Wu SM, Tseng YH, Lin YH, Chung IH, Chen CY, Lin SL, Huang SF, Huang YH, Lin KH. A novel small-form NEDD4 regulates cell invasiveness and apoptosis to promote tumor metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9341-54. [PMID: 25823820 PMCID: PMC4496221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous investigations on metastasis, the determinants of metastatic processes remain unclear. We aimed to identify the metastasis-associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Potent metastatic SK-hep-1 (SK) cells, designated ‘SKM’, were generated using Transwell assay followed by selection in a mouse model. Genes expressed differentially in SKM and SK cells were identified via microarray analyses. A small form of Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (sNEDD4) was identified to be overexpressed in SKM cells, which was confirmed as a novel transcript using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In clinical specimens, sNEDD4 was significantly overexpressed in tumors and serves as a poor prognostic factor for male patients with HCC (P = 0.035). Upon subcutaneous introduction of sNEDD4-overexpressing SK cells into flanks of nude mice, tumors grew faster than those of the control group. Furthermore, sNEDD4-mediated promotion of tumor metastasis was demonstrated in the orthotopic mouse model. Overexpression of sNEDD4 increased the invasive ability of SK cells through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via upregulation of myeloid cell leukemia 1. In conclusion, sNEDD4 is a novel metastasis-associated gene, which prevents apoptosis under nutrient restriction conditions. The present findings clearly support the prognostic potential of sNEDD4 for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Chi-De Chen
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - I-Hsiao Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Shiu-Feng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan 350, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Medical Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
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