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Guerrero-Luna G, Hernández-Linares MG, Cárdenas García M, Bernès S. (23 R,23 1 S,25 S)-23 1,26-Ep-oxy-23-ethyl-furost-20(22)-en-3β-ol. IUCrdata 2023; 8:x230344. [PMID: 37151203 PMCID: PMC10162030 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314623003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C29H46O3, is a steroid synthesized through a rearrangement of a sarsasapogenin derivative in acidic medium. The newly formed ring F is a tetra-hydro-2H-pyran heterocycle substituted by two methyl groups placed in equatorial positions. This ring displays a chair conformation, while di-hydro-furan ring E, to which it is bonded, has an envelope conformation. The mol-ecules are associated by weak O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains running in the [101] direction in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Guerrero-Luna
- Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - María-Guadalupe Hernández-Linares
- Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Jardín Botánico, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Maura Cárdenas García
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, 72420 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Sylvain Bernès
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Mustafa NH, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Begum MY, Gan SH, Rani NNIM, Ravi S, Chidambaram K, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Jeyabalan S, Uthirapathy S, Ponnusankar S, Lum PT, Bhalla V, Fuloria NK. Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Pharmacology of Sarsasapogenin: A Potential Natural Steroid Molecule for New Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:2032. [PMID: 35335393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarsasapogenin is a natural steroidal sapogenin molecule obtained mainly from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Among the various phytosteroids present, sarsasapogenin has emerged as a promising molecule due to the fact of its diverse pharmacological activities. In this review, the chemistry, biosynthesis and pharmacological potentials of sarsasapogenin are summarised. Between 1996 and the present, the relevant literature regarding sarsasapogenin was obtained from scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Overall, sarsasapogenin is a potent molecule with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-osteoclastogenic and neuroprotective activities. It is also a potential molecule in the treatment for precocious puberty. This review also discusses the metabolism, pharmacokinetics and possible structural modifications as well as obstacles and opportunities for sarsasapogenin to become a drug molecule in the near future. More comprehensive preclinical studies, clinical trials, drug delivery, formulations of effective doses in pharmacokinetics studies, evaluation of adverse effects and potential synergistic effects with other drugs need to be thoroughly investigated to make sarsasapogenin a potential molecule for future drug development.
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK, Patel SS. Sarsasapogenin and fluticasone combination improves DNFB induced atopic dermatitis lesions in BALB/c mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:767-777. [PMID: 34581242 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1981375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The research aims to study the effects of Sarsasapogenin and its combination with Fluticasone in 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty male Balb/c mice were divided into 5 groups: (i) Normal control (NC), (ii) Disease control (DNFB), (iii) Sarsasapogenin (SG) (50 µg/mice), (iv) Fluticasone (FC) (50 µg/mice), (v) Sarsasapogenin + Fluticasone (SG + FC) combination (25 µg/mice). Dermatitis was induced by repeated application of DNFB in Balb/c mice. On topical application of SG, FC, and SG + FC combination on the ear and skin lesions, body weight, ear weight, ear thickness, erythema score, spleen weight, cytokines, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, nitric oxide (NO) level, hematological parameters, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Histological analysis of the ear tissue was also done. RESULTS The results stated that SG and SG + FC treatment to mice considerably decrease the ear weight, ear thickness, spleen weight, serum IgE, cytokines, NO levels, and restoration of antioxidant stress markers with elevation in the hematological parameters. The observations were further confirmed by histopathological analysis of ear tissue. CONCLUSION These data specify that SG has been demonstrated as a probable therapy for the treatment of allergic skin diseases in combination with FC by decreasing its dose from 50 to 25 µg/mice to avoid the chronic side effects of FC. Hence, it can be concluded that SG and SG + FC combination significantly improved the AD-like symptoms in the DNFB sensitized mice through mitigating the production of proinflammatory mediators and restoration of oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Kong L, Liu Y, Zhang YM, Li Y, Gou LS, Ma TF, Liu YW. Sarsasapogenin ameliorates diabetes-associated memory impairment and neuroinflammation through down-regulation of PAR-1 receptor. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3167-3180. [PMID: 33885189 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarsasapogenin (Sar), a natural steroidal compound, shows neuroprotection, cognition-enhancement, antiinflammation, antithrombosis effects, and so on. However, whether Sar has ameliorative effects on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment remains unknown. In this study, we found that Sar ameliorated diabetes-associated memory impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, evidenced by increased numbers of crossing platform and percentage of time spent in the target quadrant in Morris water maze tests, and suppressed the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, Sar inhibited advanced glycation end-products and its receptor (AGEs/RAGE) axis and suppressed up-regulation of thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in cerebral cortex. On the other hand, Sar mitigated high glucose-induced neuronal damages, NLRP1 inflammasome activation, and PAR-1 up-regulation in high glucose-cultured SH-SY5Y cells, but did not affect thrombin activity. Moreover, the effects of Sar were similar to those of a selective PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar. Further studies indicated that activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome and NF-κB mediated the effect of PAR-1 up-regulation in high glucose condition by using PAR-1 knockdown assay. In summary, this study demonstrated that Sar prevented memory impairment caused by diabetes, which was achieved through suppressing neuroinflammation from activated NLRP1 inflammasome and NF-κB regulated by cerebral PAR-1. HIGHLIGHTS: Sarsasapogenin ameliorated memory impairment caused by diabetes in rats. Sarsasapogenin mitigated neuronal damages and neuroinflammation by down-regulating cerebral PAR-1. The NLRP1 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling mediated the pro-inflammatory effects of PAR-1. Sarsasapogenin was a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent and memory enhancer in diabetic rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Shan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao-Wu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yu YY, Cui SC, Zheng TN, Ma HJ, Xie ZF, Jiang HW, Li YF, Zhu KX, Huang CG, Li J, Li JY. Sarsasapogenin improves adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:272-281. [PMID: 32699264 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major cause of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Macrophage infiltration into obese adipose tissue promotes inflammatory responses that contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Suppression of adipose tissue inflammatory responses is postulated to increase insulin sensitivity in obese patients and animals. Sarsasapogenin (ZGY) is one of the metabolites of timosaponin AIII in the gut, which has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory action. In this study, we investigated the effects of ZGY treatment on obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. We showed that pretreatment with ZGY (80 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig, for 18 days) significantly inhibited acute adipose tissue inflammatory responses in LPS-treated mice. In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, oral administration of ZGY (80 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 6 weeks) ameliorated insulin resistance and alleviated inflammation in adipose tissues by reducing the infiltration of macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ZGY not only directly inhibited inflammatory responses in macrophages and adipocytes, but also interrupts the crosstalk between macrophages and adipocytes in vitro, improving adipocyte insulin resistance. The insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of ZGY may result from inactivation of the IKK /NF-κB and JNK inflammatory signaling pathways in adipocytes. Collectively, our findings suggest that ZGY ameliorates insulin resistance and alleviates the adipose inflammatory state in HFD mice, suggesting that ZGY may be a potential agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Peng J, Zhao K, Zhu J, Wang Y, Sun P, Yang Q, Zhang T, Han W, Hu W, Yang W, Ruan J, Qian Y. Sarsasapogenin Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in vitro and Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:3435-3447. [PMID: 32943842 PMCID: PMC7474134 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s256867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoclasts are giant polynuclear cells; their main function is bone resorption. An increased number of osteoclasts and enhanced bone resorption exert significant effects on osteoclast-related bone-lytic diseases, including osteoporosis. Given the limitations of current therapies for osteolytic diseases, it is urgently required to develop safer and more effective alternatives. Sarsasapogenin, a major sapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, possesses potent antitumor effects and inhibits NF-κB and MAPK signaling. However, the manner in which it affects osteoclasts is unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of anti-osteoclastogenic and anti-resorptive of sarsasapogenin on bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. RESULTS Sarsasapogenin inhibited multiple RANKL-induced signaling cascades, thereby inhibiting the induction of key osteoclast transcription factor NFATc1. The in vivo and in vitro results were consistent: sarsasapogenin treatment protected against bone loss in a mouse osteolysis model induced by lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION Our research confirms that sarsasapogenin can be used as a new treatment for osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangxian Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiling Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qichang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou318000, Zhejiang, Republic of China
| | - Yu Qian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi530021, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Asparagus species (family Liliaceae) are medicinal plants of temperate Himalayas. They possess a variety of biological properties, such as being antioxidants, immunostimulants, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antioxytocic, and reproductive agents. The article briefly reviews the isolated chemical constituents and the biological activities of the plant species. The structural formula of isolated compounds and their distribution in the species studied are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Negi
- Department of Chemistry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal - 246 174, India
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