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Varga V, Smeller L, Várdai R, Kocsis B, Zsoldos I, Cruciani S, Pala R, Hornyák I. Water-Insoluble, Thermostable, Crosslinked Gelatin Matrix for Soft Tissue Implant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4336. [PMID: 38673921 PMCID: PMC11050114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this present study, the material science background of crosslinked gelatin (GEL) was investigated. The aim was to assess the optimal reaction parameters for the production of a water-insoluble crosslinked gelatin matrix suitable for heat sterilization. Matrices were subjected to enzymatic degradation assessments, and their ability to withstand heat sterilization was evaluated. The impact of different crosslinkers on matrix properties was analyzed. It was found that matrices crosslinked with butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) were resistant to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization. Additionally, at 1 v/v % crosslinker concentration, the crosslinked weight was lower than the starting weight, suggesting simultaneous degradation and crosslinking. The crosslinked weight and swelling ratio were optimal in the case of the matrices that were crosslinked with 3% and 5% v/v BDDE and PEGDE. FTIR analysis confirmed crosslinking, and the reduction of free primary amino groups indicated effective crosslinking even at a 1% v/v crosslinker concentration. Moreover, stress-strain and compression characteristics of the 5% v/v BDDE crosslinked matrix were comparable to native gelatin. Based on material science measurements, the crosslinked matrices may be promising candidates for scaffold development, including properties such as resistance to enzymatic degradation and heat sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Varga
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Győr, 9026 Győr, Hungary; (B.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - László Smeller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Róbert Várdai
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kocsis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Győr, 9026 Győr, Hungary; (B.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ibolya Zsoldos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Győr, 9026 Győr, Hungary; (B.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.C.); (R.P.)
| | - István Hornyák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Győr, 9026 Győr, Hungary; (B.K.); (I.Z.)
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Domingos M, Gloria A, Coelho J, Bartolo P, Ciurana J. Three-dimensional printed bone scaffolds: The role of nano/micro-hydroxyapatite particles on the adhesion and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2017; 231:555-564. [PMID: 28056713 DOI: 10.1177/0954411916680236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is strongly dependent on the use of three-dimensional scaffolds that can act as templates to accommodate cells and support tissue ingrowth. Despite its wide application in tissue engineering research, polycaprolactone presents a very limited ability to induce adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic cell differentiation. To overcome some of these limitations, different calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, have been employed with relative success. This work investigates the influence of nano-hydroxyapatite and micro-hydroxyapatite (nHA and mHA, respectively) particles on the in vitro biomechanical performance of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Morphological analysis performed with scanning electron microscopy allowed us to confirm the production of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite constructs with square interconnected pores of approximately 350 µm and to assess the distribution of hydroxyapatite particles within the polymer matrix. Compression mechanical tests showed an increase in polycaprolactone compressive modulus ( E) from 105.5 ± 11.2 to 138.8 ± 12.9 MPa (PCL_nHA) and 217.2 ± 21.8 MPa (PCL_mHA). In comparison to PCL_mHA scaffolds, the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite enhanced the adhesion and viability of human mesenchymal stem cells as confirmed by Alamar Blue assay. In addition, after 14 days of incubation, PCL_nHA scaffolds showed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity compared to polycaprolactone or PCL_mHA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Domingos
- 1 School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonio Gloria
- 2 Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Jorge Coelho
- 3 CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- 1 School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Masoumi N, Howell MC, Johnson KL, Niesslein MJ, Gerber G, Engelmayr GC. Design and testing of a cyclic stretch and flexure bioreactor for evaluating engineered heart valve tissues based on poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:576-586. [PMID: 24898445 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914534837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic flexure and stretch are essential to the function of semilunar heart valves and have demonstrated utility in mechanically conditioning tissue-engineered heart valves. In this study, a cyclic stretch and flexure bioreactor was designed and tested in the context of the bioresorbable elastomer poly(glycerol sebacate). Solid poly(glycerol sebacate) membranes were subjected to cyclic stretch, and micromolded poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds seeded with porcine aortic valvular interstitial cells were subjected to cyclic stretch and flexure. The results demonstrated significant effects of cyclic stretch on poly(glycerol sebacate) mechanical properties, including significant decreases in effective stiffness versus controls. In valvular interstitial cell-seeded scaffolds, cyclic stretch elicited significant increases in DNA and collagen content that paralleled maintenance of effective stiffness. This work provides a basis for investigating the roles of mechanical loading in the formation of tissue-engineered heart valves based on elastomeric scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Masoumi
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Christian Howell
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Niesslein
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gene Gerber
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - George C Engelmayr
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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