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Yang OJ, Robilotto GL, Alom F, Alemán K, Devulapally K, Morris A, Mickle AD. Evaluating the transduction efficiency of systemically delivered AAV vectors in the rat nervous system. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1001007. [PMID: 36755734 PMCID: PMC9899837 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery or manipulation with viral vectors is a frequently used tool in basic neuroscience studies. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are the most widely used vectors due to their relative safety and long-term efficacy without causing overt immunological complications. Many AAV serotypes have been discovered and engineered that preferentially transduce different populations of neurons. However, efficient targeting of peripheral neurons remains challenging for many researchers, and evaluation of peripheral neuron transduction with AAVs in rats is limited. Here, we aimed to test the efficiency of systemic AAVs to transduce peripheral neurons in rats. We administered AAV9-tdTomato, AAV-PHP.S-tdTomato, or AAV-retro-GFP systemically to neonatal rats via intraperitoneal injection. After 5 weeks, we evaluated expression patterns in peripheral sensory, motor, and autonomic neurons. No significant difference between the serotypes in the transduction of sensory neurons was noted, and all serotypes were more efficient in transducing NF200 + neurons compared to smaller CGRP + neurons. AAV-retro was more efficient at transducing motor neurons compared to other serotypes. Moreover, PHP.S was more efficient at transducing sympathetic neurons, and AAV-retro was more efficient at transducing parasympathetic neurons. These results indicate that specific AAV serotypes target peripheral neuron populations more efficiently than others in the neonatal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gabriella L. Robilotto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Firoj Alom
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Karla Alemán
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Karthik Devulapally
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abigail Morris
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aaron D. Mickle
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Aaron D. Mickle,
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2
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De Virgiliis F, Oliva VM, Kizil B, Scheiermann C. Control of lymph node activity by direct local innervation. Trends Neurosci 2022:S0166-2236(22)00124-2. [PMID: 35820971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system detects environmental and internal stimuli and relays this information to immune cells via neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. This is essential to respond appropriately to immunogenic threats and to support system homeostasis. Lymph nodes (LNs) act as sentinels where adaptive immune responses are generated. They are richly innervated by peripheral sympathetic and sensory nerves, which are responsible for the local secretion of neurotransmitters by sympathetic fibers, such as norepinephrine, and neuropeptides by sensory fibers, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. Additionally, time-of-day-dependent oscillations in nerve activity are associated with differential immune responses, suggesting a potential role for neuroimmune interactions in coordinating immunity in a circadian fashion. Here, we discuss how LN activity is controlled by local innervation.
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3
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Stöckl S, Eitner A, Bauer RJ, König M, Johnstone B, Grässel S. Substance P and Alpha-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Differentially Affect Human Osteoarthritic and Healthy Chondrocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722884. [PMID: 34512650 PMCID: PMC8430215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that not only causes cartilage loss but also structural damage in all joint tissues. Joints are innervated by alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and substance P (SP)-positive sensory nerve fibers. Alteration of sensory joint innervation could be partly responsible for degenerative changes in joints that contribute to the development of OA. Therefore, our aim was to analyze and compare the molecular effects of SP and αCGRP on the metabolism of articular chondrocytes from OA patients and non-OA cartilage donors. We treated the cells with SP or αCGRP and analysed the influence of these neuropeptides on chondrocyte metabolism and modulation of signaling pathways. In chondrocytes from healthy cartilage, SP had minimal effects compared with its effects on OA chondrocytes, where it induced inflammatory mediators, inhibited chondrogenic markers and promoted apoptosis and senescence. Treatment with αCGRP also increased apoptosis and senescence and reduced chondrogenic marker expression in OA chondrocytes, but stimulated an anabolic and protective response in healthy chondrocytes. The catabolic influence of SP and αCGRP might be due to activation of ERK signaling that could be counteracted by an increased cAMP response. We suggest that a switch between the G-subunits of the corresponding receptors after binding their ligands SP or αCGRP plays a central role in mediating the observed effects of sensory neuropeptides on chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Stöckl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annett Eitner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard J Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Wu Z, Lu J, Shi T, Zhao X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wu F, Li Y, Liu Q, Liu M. A Habituation Sensory Nervous System with Memristors. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2004398. [PMID: 33063391 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system (SNS) builds up the association between external stimuli and the response of organisms. In this system, habituation is a fundamental characteristic that filters out irrelevantly repetitive information and makes the SNS adapt to the external environment. To emulate this critical process in electronic devices, a Lix SiOy -based memristor (TiN/Lix SiOy /Pt) is developed where the temporal response under repetitive stimulation is similar to that of habituation. By connecting this synaptic device to a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron based on a Ag/SiO2 :Ag/Au memristor, a fully memristive SNS with habituation is experimentally demonstrated. Finally, a habituation spiking neural network based on the SNS is built and its application in obstacle avoidance for robot navigation is successfully presented. The results provide that a direct emulation of the biologically inspired learning process by memristors could be a sound choice for neuromorphic hardware implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jikai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311122, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Facai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu HL, Chuang HY, Hsu CN, Lee SS, Yang CC, Liu KT. Effects of Vitamin D Receptor, Metallothionein 1A, and 2A Gene Polymorphisms on Toxicity of the Peripheral Nervous System in Chronically Lead-Exposed Workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2909. [PMID: 32340109 PMCID: PMC7215364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to lead is neurotoxic to the human peripheral sensory system. Variant vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes and polymorphisms of metallothioneins (MTs) are associated with different outcomes following lead toxicity. However, no evidence of a relationship between lead neurotoxicity and polymorphisms has previously been presented. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the polymorphisms of VDR, MT1A, and MT2A genes and lead toxicity following chronic occupational lead exposure. We measured vibration perception thresholds (VPT) and current perception thresholds (CPT) in 181 workers annually for five years. The outcome variables were correlated to the subject's index of long-term lead exposure. Polymorphisms of VDR, MT1A, and MT2A were defined. The potential confounders, including age, sex, height, smoking, alcohol consumption, and working life span, were also collected and analyzed using linear regression. The regression coefficients of some gene polymorphisms were at least 20 times larger than regression coefficients of time-weighted index of cumulative blood lead (TWICL) measures. All regression coefficients of TWICL increased slightly. MT1A rs11640851 (AA/CC) was associated with a statistically significant difference in all neurological outcomes except hand and foot VPT. MT1A rs8052394 was associated with statistically significant differences in hand and foot CPT 2000 Hz. In MT2A rs10636, those with the C allele showed a greater effect on hand CPT than those with the G allele. Among the VDR gene polymorphisms, the Apa rs7975232 (CC/AA) single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with the greatest difference in hand CPT. MT2A rs28366003 appeared to have a neural protective effect, whereas Apa (rs7975232) of VDR and MT2A rs10636 increased the neurotoxicity as measured by CPT in the hands. MT1A rs8052394 had a protective effect on large myelinated nerves. MT1A rs11640851 was associated with susceptibility to neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Liang Liu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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6
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Niedermair T, Straub RH, Brochhausen C, Grässel S. Impact of the Sensory and Sympathetic Nervous System on Fracture Healing in Ovariectomized Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E405. [PMID: 31936403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system modulates bone repair under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Previously, we reported an essential role for sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP) and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) for proper fracture healing and bone structure in a murine tibial fracture model. A similar distortion of bone microarchitecture has been described for mice lacking the sensory neuropeptide α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP). Here, we hypothesize that loss of SP, α-CGRP, and SNF modulates inflammatory and pain-related processes and also affects bone regeneration during fracture healing under postmenopausal conditions. Intramedullary fixed femoral fractures were set to 28 days after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in female wild type (WT), SP-, α-CGRP-deficient, and sympathectomized (SYX) mice. Locomotion, paw withdrawal threshold, fracture callus maturation and numbers of TRAP-, CD4-, CD8-, F4/80-, iNos-, and Arg1-positive cells within the callus were analyzed. Nightly locomotion was reduced in unfractured SP-deficient and SYX mice after fracture. Resistance to pressure was increased for the fractured leg in SP-deficient mice during the later stages of fracture healing, but was decreased in α-CGRP-deficient mice. Hypertrophic cartilage area was increased nine days after fracture in SP-deficient mice. Bony callus maturation was delayed in SYX mice during the later healing stages. In addition, the number of CD 4-positive cells was reduced after five days and the number of CD 8-positive cells was additionally reduced after 21 days in SYX mice. The number of Arg1-positive M2 macrophages was higher in α-CGRP-deficient mice five days after fracture. The alkaline phosphatase level was increased in SYX mice 16 days after fracture. Absence of α-CGRP appears to promote M2 macrophage polarization and reduces the pain threshold, but has no effect on callus tissue maturation. Absence of SP reduces locomotion, increases the pain-threshold, and accelerates hypertrophic callus tissue remodeling. Destruction of SNF reduces locomotion after fracture and influences bony callus tissue remodeling during the later stages of fracture repair, whereas pain-related processes are not affected.
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7
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Oetjen LK, Kim BS. Interactions of the immune and sensory nervous systems in atopy. FEBS J 2018; 285:3138-3151. [PMID: 29637705 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature underlying all atopic disorders, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, is the presence of pathologic sensory responses, reflexes, and behaviors. These symptoms, exemplified by chronic airway irritation and cough, chronic itch and scratching, as well as gastrointestinal discomfort and dysfunction, are often cited as the most debilitating aspects of atopic disorders. Emerging studies have highlighted how the immune system shapes the scope and intensity of sensory responses by directly modulating the sensory nervous system. Additionally, factors produced by neurons have demonstrated novel functions in propagating atopic inflammation at barrier surfaces. In this review, we highlight new studies that have changed our understanding of atopy through advances in characterizing the reciprocal interactions between the immune and sensory nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Ritter KE, Wang Z, Vezina CM, Bjorling DE, Southard-Smith EM. Serotonin Receptor 5-HT3A Affects Development of Bladder Innervation and Urinary Bladder Function. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:690. [PMID: 29311772 PMCID: PMC5732969 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic and sensory nervous systems are required for proper function of all visceral organs, including the lower urinary tract (LUT). Despite the wide prevalence of bladder dysfunction, effective treatment options remain limited. Pelvic innervation regenerative strategies are promising, but surprisingly little is known about the molecular factors driving the development of bladder innervation. Given prior evidence that serotonin receptor 5-HT3A is expressed early in LUT development and is an important mediator of adult bladder function, we sought to determine if 5-HT3A is required for the development of autonomic innervation of the bladder. We found that 5-HT3A is expressed early in fetal mouse pelvic ganglia and is maintained through adulthood. Htr3a knockout male mice, but not females, exhibit increased urinary voiding frequency compared to wild type littermates. Analysis of LUT function via anesthetized cystometry revealed decreased voiding efficiency in male Htr3a mutants. Htr3a−/− mutant animals exhibit a transient disturbance of autonomic neuronal subtype markers (tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyl transferase) within the fetal pelvic ganglia, although the imbalance of neuronal subtype markers assayed is no longer apparent in adulthood. Loss of 5-HT3A activity results in a higher density of autonomic and sensory neuronal fibers supplying bladder smooth muscle in both fetal and adult mice. Collectively, our findings highlight 5-HT3A as a critical component in the autonomic control of micturition and identify a novel role for this serotonin receptor in peripheral nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elaine Ritter
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E Michelle Southard-Smith
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Kodama D, Hirai T, Kondo H, Hamamura K, Togari A. Bidirectional communication between sensory neurons and osteoblasts in an in vitro coculture system. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:527-539. [PMID: 28094440 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the sensory nervous system is involved in bone metabolism. However, the mechanism of communication between neurons and osteoblasts is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways between sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells using an in vitro coculture system. Our findings indicate that signal transduction from DRG-derived neurons to MC3T3-E1 cells is suppressed by antagonists of the AMPA receptor and the NK1 receptor. Conversely, signal transduction from MC3T3-E1 cells to DRG-derived neurons is suppressed by a P2X7 receptor antagonist. Our results suggest that these cells communicate with each other by exocytosis of glutamate, substance P in the efferent signal, and ATP in the afferent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kodama
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Ratié L, Ware M, Jagline H, David V, Dupé V. Dynamic expression of Notch-dependent neurogenic markers in the chick embryonic nervous system. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:158. [PMID: 25565981 PMCID: PMC4270182 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a functional nervous system requires a highly orchestrated process of neural proliferation and differentiation. The evolutionary conserved Notch signaling pathway is a key regulator of this process, regulating basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors and proneural genes. However, little is known about downstream Notch targets and subsequently genes required for neuronal specification. In this report, the expression pattern of Transgelin 3 (Tagln3), Chromogranin A (Chga) and Contactin 2 (Cntn2) was described in detail during early chick embryogenesis. Expression of these genes was largely restricted to the nervous system including the early axon scaffold populations, cranial ganglia and spinal motor neurons. Their temporal and spatial expression were compared with the neuronal markers Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix 1 (Nhlh1), Stathmin 2 (Stmn2) and HuC/D. We show that Tagln3 is an early marker for post-mitotic neurons whereas Chga and Cntn2 are expressed in mature neurons. We demonstrate that inhibition of Notch signaling during spinal cord neurogenesis enhances expression of these markers. This data demonstrates that Tagln3, Chga and Cntn2 represent strong new candidates to contribute to the sequential progression of vertebrate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Ratié
- CNRS UMR6290, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 Rennes, France
| | - Michelle Ware
- CNRS UMR6290, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Jagline
- CNRS UMR6290, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- CNRS UMR6290, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 Rennes, France ; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Pontchaillou Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- CNRS UMR6290, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 Rennes, France
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Logan C, Wingate RJ, McKay IJ, Lumsden A. Tlx-1 and Tlx-3 homeobox gene expression in cranial sensory ganglia and hindbrain of the chick embryo: markers of patterned connectivity. J Neurosci 1998; 18:5389-402. [PMID: 9651221 PMCID: PMC6793508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/1998] [Revised: 04/28/1998] [Accepted: 05/06/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that in vertebrates the formation of distinct neuronal cell types is controlled by specific families of homeodomain transcription factors. Furthermore, the expression domains of a number of these genes correlates with functionally integrated neuronal populations. We have isolated two members of the divergent T-cell leukemia translocation (HOX11/Tlx) homeobox gene family from chick, Tlx-1 and Tlx-3, and show that they are expressed in differentiating neurons of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, Tlx-1 and Tlx-3 are expressed in overlapping domains within the placodally derived components of a number of cranial sensory ganglia. Tlx-3, unlike Tlx-1, is also expressed in neural crest-derived dorsal root and sympathetic ganglia. In the CNS, both genes are expressed in longitudinal columns of neurons at specific dorsoventral levels of the hindbrain. Each column has distinct anterior and/or posterior limits that respect inter-rhombomeric boundaries. Tlx-3 is also expressed in D2 and D3 neurons of the spinal cord. Tlx-1 and Tlx-3 expression patterns within the peripheral and central nervous systems suggest that Tlx proteins may be involved not only in the differentiation and/or survival of specific neuronal populations but also in the establishment of neuronal circuitry. Furthermore, by analogy with the LIM genes, Tlx family members potentially define sensory columns early within the developing hindbrain in a combinatorial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Logan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, United Medical and Dental Schools, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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