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Ramelyte E, Tastanova A, Balázs Z, Ignatova D, Turko P, Menzel U, Guenova E, Beisel C, Krauthammer M, Levesque MP, Dummer R. Oncolytic virotherapy-mediated anti-tumor response: a single-cell perspective. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:394-406.e4. [PMID: 33482123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is a genetically modified herpes simplex 1 virus (HSV-1) approved for cancer therapy. We investigate its effect on the clinical, histological, single-cell transcriptomic, and immune repertoire level using repeated fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of injected and noninjected lesions in primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma (pCBCL). Thirteen patients received intralesional T-VEC, 11 of which demonstrate tumor response in the injected lesions. Using single-cell sequencing of the FNAs, we identify the malignant population and separate three pCBCL subtypes. Twenty-four hours after the injection, we detect HSV-1T-VEC transcripts in malignant and nonmalignant cells of the injected lesion but not of the noninjected lesion. Oncolytic virotherapy results in a rapid eradication of malignant cells. It also leads to interferon pathway activation and early influx of natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. These events are followed by enrichment in cytotoxic T cells and a decrease of regulatory T cells in injected and noninjected lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Ramelyte
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aizhan Tastanova
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Balázs
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Biomedical Informatics, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desislava Ignatova
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Turko
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Menzel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Biomedical Informatics, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Paul Levesque
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital Zurich and Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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