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Trego ML, Hoh E, Kellar NM, Meszaros S, Robbins MN, Dodder NG, Whitehead A, Lewison RL. Comprehensive Screening Links Halogenated Organic Compounds with Testosterone Levels in Male Delphinus delphis from the Southern California Bight. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3101-3109. [PMID: 29397698 PMCID: PMC6301072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While environmental pollutants have been associated with changes in endocrine health in cetaceans, efforts to link contaminant exposure with hormones have largely been limited to a list of known, targeted contaminants, overlooking minimally characterized or unknown compounds of emerging concern. To address this gap, we analyzed a suite of potential endocrine disrupting halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in blubber from 16 male short-beaked common dolphins ( Delphinus delphis) with known maturity status collected from fishery bycatch in the Southern California Bight. We employed a suspect screening mass spectrometry-based method to investigate a wide range of HOCs that were previously observed in cetaceans from the same region. Potential endocrine effects were assessed through the measurement of blubber testosterone. We detected 167 HOCs, including 81 with known anthropogenic sources, 49 of unknown origin, and 37 with known natural sources. The sum of 11 anthropogenic and 4 unknown HOC classes were negatively correlated with blubber testosterone. Evidence suggests that elevated anthropogenic HOC load contributes to impaired testosterone production in mature male D. delphis. The application of this integrative analytical approach to cetacean contaminant analysis allows for inference of the biological consequences of accumulation of HOCs and prioritization of compounds for future environmental toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L. Trego
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Corresponding Author, Phone: (858) 546-7066
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Kellar
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, MMTD, NMFS, NOAA, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sara Meszaros
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michelle N. Robbins
- Ocean Associates, Inc., under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - USA
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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Iacchei M, Ben-Horin T, Selkoe KA, Bird CE, García-Rodríguez FJ, Toonen RJ. Combined analyses of kinship and FST suggest potential drivers of chaotic genetic patchiness in high gene-flow populations. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3476-94. [PMID: 23802550 PMCID: PMC3749441 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We combine kinship estimates with traditional F-statistics to explain contemporary drivers of population genetic differentiation despite high gene flow. We investigate range-wide population genetic structure of the California spiny (or red rock) lobster (Panulirus interruptus) and find slight, but significant global population differentiation in mtDNA (ΦST = 0.006, P = 0.001; D(est_Chao) = 0.025) and seven nuclear microsatellites (F(ST) = 0.004, P < 0.001; D(est_Chao) = 0.03), despite the species' 240- to 330-day pelagic larval duration. Significant population structure does not correlate with distance between sampling locations, and pairwise FST between adjacent sites often exceeds that among geographically distant locations. This result would typically be interpreted as unexplainable, chaotic genetic patchiness. However, kinship levels differ significantly among sites (pseudo-F(16,988) = 1.39, P = 0.001), and ten of 17 sample sites have significantly greater numbers of kin than expected by chance (P < 0.05). Moreover, a higher proportion of kin within sites strongly correlates with greater genetic differentiation among sites (D(est_Chao), R(2) = 0.66, P < 0.005). Sites with elevated mean kinship were geographically proximate to regions of high upwelling intensity (R(2) = 0.41, P = 0.0009). These results indicate that P. interruptus does not maintain a single homogenous population, despite extreme dispersal potential. Instead, these lobsters appear to either have substantial localized recruitment or maintain planktonic larval cohesiveness whereby siblings more likely settle together than disperse across sites. More broadly, our results contribute to a growing number of studies showing that low F(ST) and high family structure across populations can coexist, illuminating the foundations of cryptic genetic patterns and the nature of marine dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Iacchei
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
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Falcone EA, Schorr GS, Douglas AB, Calambokidis J, Henderson E, McKenna MF, Hildebrand J, Moretti D. Sighting characteristics and photo-identification of Cuvier's beaked whales ( Ziphius cavirostris) near San Clemente Island, California: a key area for beaked whales and the military? Mar Biol 2009; 156:2631-2640. [PMID: 24391238 PMCID: PMC3873046 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between beaked whales and certain anthropogenic sounds remains poorly understood and of great interest. Although Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are widely distributed, little is known of their behavior and population structure throughout much of their range. We conducted a series of five combined visual-acoustic marine mammal surveys from 2006 to 2008 in the southern San Nicolas Basin, a site of frequent naval activity off the southern California coast, west of San Clemente Island. The study area was defined by a 1,800 km2 array of 88 bottom-mounted hydrophones at depths up to 1,850 m. The array was used to vector visual observers toward vocalizing marine mammal species. Thirty-seven groups of Cuvier's beaked whales were encountered during the study period. The overall encounter rate was one group for every 21.0 h of survey effort, and was as high as one group per 10.2 h of effort during the October 2007 survey. Whales were encountered in the deepest portion of the study area, at a mean bottom depth of 1,580 m (SD 138). The average group size was 3.8 individuals (SD 2.4), which was higher than has been reported from other studies of this species. Twenty-four groups were observed over multiple surfacings (median = 4 surfacings, range 2-15). The mean encounter duration of extended sightings was 104 min (SD 98, range 12-466 min) and the mean distance moved over the course of sightings was 1.66 km (SD 1.56, range 0.08-6.65 km). Temporal surfacing patterns during extended encounters were similar to dive behavior described from Cuvier's beaked whales carrying time-depth recording tags. Seventy-eight photographic identifications were made of 58 unique individuals, for an overall resighting rate of 0.26. Whales were sighted on up to 4 days, with duration from first to last sighting spanning 2-79 days. For those whales sighted on subsequent days, the mean distance between subsequent sightings was 8.6 km (SD 7.9). Individuals resighted over 2-3 days were usually in association with previous group members. Approximately one-third of groups contained more than one adult male, and many of the repeated associations involved adult males. These observations suggest the basin west of San Clemente Island may be an important region for Cuvier's beaked whales, and also one which affords an unusual opportunity to collect detailed data on this species. Given its status as an active military range, it can also provide the ability to monitor the behavior of individuals in the presence of naval sonar, a critical step in the management of this and other beaked whale populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Falcone
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ W. Fourth Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501 USA
| | - Gregory S. Schorr
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ W. Fourth Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501 USA
| | - Annie B. Douglas
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ W. Fourth Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501 USA
| | - John Calambokidis
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ W. Fourth Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501 USA
| | - Elizabeth Henderson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0210, La Jolla, CA 92093-0210 USA
| | - Megan F. McKenna
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0210, La Jolla, CA 92093-0210 USA
| | - John Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0210, La Jolla, CA 92093-0210 USA
| | - David Moretti
- NAVSEA Division Newport, 1176 Howell Avenue, Newport, RI 02841 USA
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