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Lodge S, Nitschke P, Loo RL, Kimhofer T, Bong SH, Richards T, Begum S, Spraul M, Schaefer H, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Low Volume in Vitro Diagnostic Proton NMR Spectroscopy of Human Blood Plasma for Lipoprotein and Metabolite Analysis: Application to SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1415-1423. [PMID: 33491459 PMCID: PMC7857136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The utility of low sample volume in vitro diagnostic (IVDr) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic experiments on blood plasma for information recovery from limited availability or high value samples was exemplified using plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and normal controls. 1H NMR spectra were obtained using solvent-suppressed 1D, spin-echo (CPMG), and 2-dimensional J-resolved (JRES) spectroscopy using both 3 mm outer diameter SampleJet NMR tubes (100 μL plasma) and 5 mm SampleJet NMR tubes (300 μL plasma) under in vitro diagnostic conditions. We noted near identical diagnostic models in both standard and low volume IVDr lipoprotein analysis (measuring 112 lipoprotein parameters) with a comparison of the two tubes yielding R2 values ranging between 0.82 and 0.99 for the 40 paired lipoprotein parameters samples. Lipoprotein measurements for the 3 mm tubes were achieved without time penalty over the 5 mm tubes as defined by biomarker recovery for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, biomarker pattern recovery for the lipoproteins was extremely similar, but there were some small positive offsets in the linear equations for several variables due to small shimming artifacts, but there was minimal degradation of the biological information. For the standard untargeted 1D, CPMG, and JRES NMR experiments on the same samples, the reduced signal-to-noise was more constraining and required greater scanning times to achieve similar differential diagnostic performance (15 min per sample per experiment for 3 mm 1D and CPMG, compared to 4 min for the 5 mm tubes). We conclude that the 3 mm IVDr method is fit-for-purpose for quantitative lipoprotein measurements, allowing the preparation of smaller volumes for high value or limited volume samples that is common in clinical studies. If there are no analytical time constraints, the lower volume experiments are equally informative for untargeted profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lodge
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Torben Kimhofer
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Toby Richards
- Division
of Surgery, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Building, Robert Warren
Drive, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sofina Begum
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Division
of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction,
Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | | | - John C. Lindon
- Division
of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction,
Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Division
of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction,
Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College
London, Level 1, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, U.K.
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