Bisphenol F exposure affects mouse oocyte in vitro maturation through inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage

Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is progressively used to manufacture various consumer products. Despite the established reproductive toxicity of BPF, the underlying mechanisms remain to elucidate. This in-vitro study deep in sighted the BPF toxicity on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and quality. After treating oocytes with BPF (300 μM), the oocyte meiotic progression was blocked, accentuated by a reduced rate in the first polar body extrusion (PBE). Next, we illustrated that BPF induced α-tubulin hyper-acetylation disrupted the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Concurrently, BPF resulted in severe oxidative stress and DNA damage, which triggered the early apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Further, altered epigenetic modifications following BPF exposure were proved by increased H3K27me3 levels. Concerning the toxic effects on spindle structure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in mouse oocytes, BPF toxicity was less severe to oocyte maturation and spindle structure than BPA and induced low oxidative stress. However, compared with BPA, oocytes treated with BPF were more prone to DNA damage, indicating not less intense or even more severe toxic effects of BPF than BPA on some aspects of oocytes maturation. In brief, the present study established that like wise to BPA, BPF could inhibit meiotic maturation and reduce oocyte quality, suggesting it is not a safe substitute for BPA.

New aspects of quantum electrodynamics on electronic structure and dynamics

Application of Alpha-oscillator theory to quantum electrodynamics (QED) solves the mystery (Feynman) of the double-slit phenomenon involved in the foundation of quantum mechanics (QM). Even if with the same initial condition given, different spots on the screen can be predicted deterministically with no introduction of hidden variables. The interference pattern is similar to, but cannot be reproduced quantitatively by, that of the QM wave function, contrary to many-years-anticipation: a new prediction, awaiting experimental test over and above the Bohr-Einstein gedanken experiment. The general proof has already been published in Ref. [3a] and the concrete numerical algorithm of the extended normal mode technique for concrete trajectory of one electron in Ref. [3b]. In this article, (1) the new "interpretation" of the QED wave function is given in section "Interpretation of Wave Function in QED": the QED wave function used in the extended normal mode technique gives probability density distribution function of the initial values of trajectories. Moreover, (2) for the sake of demonstration of this new interpretation, the time-independent stationary state QM wave function is substituted to the QED wave function in section "Internal Self-Stress of Energetic Particles": the QED wave function is realized by internal self-stress revealed as energy density at the initial conditions. The renewed energy density is applied to study a unified scheme for generalized chemical reactivity. This is a new kind of chemical force acting in between electrons not in between nuclei. This paves a way for more advanced time-dependent simulation of electronic structure and dynamics in chemical reaction dynamics by tracing trajectories of many electrons. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ATM controls proper mitotic spindle structure

The recessive ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) syndrome is characterized by cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, cancer susceptibility, premature aging, and insulin-resistant diabetes and is caused by loss of function of the ATM kinase, a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-like protein kinases (PIKKs) family. ATM plays a crucial role in the DNA damage response (DDR); however, the complexity of A-T features suggests that ATM may regulate other cellular functions. Here we show that ATM affects proper bipolar mitotic spindle structure independently of DNA damage. In addition, we find that in mitosis ATM forms a complex with the poly(ADP)ribose (PAR) polymerase Tankyrase (TNKS) 1, the spindle pole protein NuMA1, and breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA1, another crucial DDR player. Our evidence indicates that the complex is required for efficient poly(ADP)ribosylation of NuMA1. We find further that a mutant NuMA1 version, non-phosphorylatable at potential ATM-dependent phosphorylation sites, is poorly PARylated and induces loss of spindle bipolarity. Our findings may help to explain crucial A-T features and provide further mechanistic rationale for TNKS inhibition in cancer therapy.