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Primiano IV, Barbosa Junior JT, Bassanezi RB. Comparison of insecticide sprays in alternate rows and in all rows on Asian citrus psyllid control and Huanglongbing progress in sweet orange orchards. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38654535 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-24-0646-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to reduce Huanglongbing (HLB) is controlling its insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri, by preventive insecticide sprays. The recommendation is to spray insecticide in all rows (conventional spray - CONV), but some growers empirically spray in alternate rows (ALT) to increase the spray frequency without increasing the operating cost. Therefore, this work compared the effect of ALT with CONV on the ACP population and HLB incidence. The spray deposition (amount of metallic copper per leaf area), coverage (percentage of water-sensitive paper area covered by spray), and efficacy (ACP mortality) of each treatment were also evaluated on both sides of the trees. Two field trials were performed: Trial #1 compared ALT every 7 days (ALT7) with CONV every 14 days (CONV14), and trial #2 compared different spray frequencies of ALT with CONV every 7 days (CONV7). In trial #1, no differences were observed in the ACP population or HLB progress between ALT7 and CONV14 after 5 years. In trial #2, ALT7 presented the highest percentage of ACP and cumulative HLB incidence than CONV7 and ALT every 3 to 4 days, after 2 years. Hence, when the frequency of ALT was half the frequency of CONV, similar results were observed. Spray deposition, coverage, and efficacy were similar between tree sides in CONV, but they were uneven in ALT, resulting in higher values on the tree side that directly received the spray. Insecticide spray should be performed with the frequency enough to keep new shoot protected during their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela V Primiano
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, 316572, Department of Research and Development, Av. Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros, 201, Vila Melhado, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, 14807-000;
| | - Jonas Tadeu Barbosa Junior
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, 316572, Department of Research and Development, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Renato Beozzo Bassanezi
- FUNDECITRUS, Epidemiology, Av. Dr. Adhemar Pereira de Barros 201, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 14807-040;
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Bai XJ, Chen D, Li LL, Shao L, He WX, Chen H, Li YN, Zhang XM, Zhang LY, Wang TQ, Fu Y, Qi W. Fabrication of MOF Thin Films at Miscible Liquid-Liquid Interface by Spray Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:25960-25966. [PMID: 30051709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an intriguing class of porous crystalline inorganic-organic hybrid materials. The fabrication of oriented, crystalline thin film of MOFs is expected to open novel avenues to traditional applications and to serve myriad advanced technologies. Here, a facile spray-assisted miscible liquid-liquid interface (MLLI) synthetic strategy is carried out and reported under mild condition that utilizes miscible interface for the rapid and controllable fabrication of large-area free-standing MOF thin films. The methodology can employ various metal nodes and organic ligands to yield various high quality lamellar/granulous MOF thin films at MLLI, which indicates the universality of the MLLI strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jue Bai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Nong Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , P. R. China
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Latham J, Bower K, Choularton T, Coe H, Connolly P, Cooper G, Craft T, Foster J, Gadian A, Galbraith L, Iacovides H, Johnston D, Launder B, Leslie B, Meyer J, Neukermans A, Ormond B, Parkes B, Rasch P, Rush J, Salter S, Stevenson T, Wang H, Wang Q, Wood R. Marine cloud brightening. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2012; 370:4217-62. [PMID: 22869798 PMCID: PMC3405666 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The idea behind the marine cloud-brightening (MCB) geoengineering technique is that seeding marine stratocumulus clouds with copious quantities of roughly monodisperse sub-micrometre sea water particles might significantly enhance the cloud droplet number concentration, and thereby the cloud albedo and possibly longevity. This would produce a cooling, which general circulation model (GCM) computations suggest could-subject to satisfactory resolution of technical and scientific problems identified herein-have the capacity to balance global warming up to the carbon dioxide-doubling point. We describe herein an account of our recent research on a number of critical issues associated with MCB. This involves (i) GCM studies, which are our primary tools for evaluating globally the effectiveness of MCB, and assessing its climate impacts on rainfall amounts and distribution, and also polar sea-ice cover and thickness; (ii) high-resolution modelling of the effects of seeding on marine stratocumulus, which are required to understand the complex array of interacting processes involved in cloud brightening; (iii) microphysical modelling sensitivity studies, examining the influence of seeding amount, seed-particle salt-mass, air-mass characteristics, updraught speed and other parameters on cloud-albedo change; (iv) sea water spray-production techniques; (v) computational fluid dynamics studies of possible large-scale periodicities in Flettner rotors; and (vi) the planning of a three-stage limited-area field research experiment, with the primary objectives of technology testing and determining to what extent, if any, cloud albedo might be enhanced by seeding marine stratocumulus clouds on a spatial scale of around 100×100 km. We stress that there would be no justification for deployment of MCB unless it was clearly established that no significant adverse consequences would result. There would also need to be an international agreement firmly in favour of such action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Latham
- National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Keith Bower
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Tom Choularton
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Hugh Coe
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Paul Connolly
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL
| | - Gary Cooper
- Department of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Tim Craft
- MACE, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Foster
- Department of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Alan Gadian
- NCAS, SEE, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
| | | | | | | | - Brian Launder
- MACE, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ben Parkes
- NCAS, SEE, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Phillip Rasch
- Climate Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Stephen Salter
- Department of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Tom Stevenson
- Department of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Hailong Wang
- Climate Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Rob Wood
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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