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Rho G, Callara AL, Bossi F, Ognibene D, Cecchetto C, Lomonaco T, Scilingo EP, Greco A. Combining electrodermal activity analysis and dynamic causal modeling to investigate the visual-odor multimodal integration during face perception. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:016020. [PMID: 38290158 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective. This study presents a novel methodological approach for incorporating information related to the peripheral sympathetic response into the investigation of neural dynamics. Particularly, we explore how hedonic contextual olfactory stimuli influence the processing of neutral faces in terms of sympathetic response, event-related potentials and effective connectivity analysis. The objective is to investigate how the emotional valence of odors influences the cortical connectivity underlying face processing and the role of face-induced sympathetic arousal in this visual-olfactory multimodal integration.Approach. To this aim, we combine electrodermal activity (EDA) analysis and dynamic causal modeling to examine changes in cortico-cortical interactions.Results. The results reveal that stimuli arising sympathetic EDA responses are associated with a more negative N170 amplitude, which may be a marker of heightened arousal in response to faces. Hedonic odors, on the other hand, lead to a more negative N1 component and a reduced the vertex positive potential when they are unpleasant or pleasant. Concerning connectivity, unpleasant odors strengthen the forward connection from the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) to the middle temporal gyrus, which is involved in processing changeable facial features. Conversely, the occurrence of sympathetic responses after a stimulus is correlated with an inhibition of this same connection and an enhancement of the backward connection from ITG to the fusiform face gyrus.Significance. These findings suggest that unpleasant odors may enhance the interpretation of emotional expressions and mental states, while faces capable of eliciting sympathetic arousal prioritize identity processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rho
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bossi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dimitri Ognibene
- Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Papadopoulos GE, Evaggelou TI, Moulias EK, Tsonis O, Zekios KC, Nikas DN, Tzimas P, Paschopoulos M, Kolettis TM. Autonomic Responses during Labor: Potential Implications for Takotsubo Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:152. [PMID: 34821705 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome is a serious complication of labor. Although the pathophysiologic role of excessive sympathetic activation is established in this process, concurrent vagal responses have not been adequately described. Moreover, it remains unclear whether autonomic activity depends on the mode of delivery. Here, we explored the hypothesis that the different management of cesarean and vaginal delivery may elicit diverse responses affecting both autonomic arms. For this aim, continuous electrocardiographic recording was performed in 20 women during labor, and non-invasive indices of sympathetic and vagal activity were compared between the two modes of delivery. We report sympathetic prevalence during cesarean delivery, caused by marked vagal withdrawal, whereas autonomic activity was rather stable during vaginal delivery. These differences may be attributed to the effects of anesthesia during cesarean delivery, along with the protective effects of oxytocin administration during vaginal delivery. Our results provide further insights on autonomic responses during labor that may prove useful in the prevention of complications, such as takotsubo syndrome.
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