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Xiong YT, Liao XW, Guo JS, Fang F, Chen YP, Yan P. Potential Role of the Anammoxosome in the Adaptation of Anammox Bacteria to Salinity Stress. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6670-6681. [PMID: 38564406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The underlying adaptative mechanisms of anammox bacteria to salt stress are still unclear. The potential role of the anammoxosome in modulating material and energy metabolism in response to salinity stress was investigated in this study. The results showed that anammox bacteria increased membrane fluidity and decreased mechanical properties by shortening the ladderane fatty acid chain length of anammoxosome in response to salinity shock, which led to the breakdown of the proton motive force driving ATP synthesis and retarded energy metabolism activity. Afterward, the fatty acid chain length and membrane properties were recovered to enhance the energy metabolic activity. The relative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) area proportion of anammoxosome decreased from 55.9 to 38.9% under salinity stress. The 3D imaging of the anammox bacteria based on Synchrotron soft X-ray tomography showed that the reduction in the relative volume proportion of the anammoxosome and the concave surfaces was induced by salinity stress, which led to the lower energy expenditure of the material transportation and provided more binding sites for enzymes. Therefore, anammox bacteria can modulate nitrogen and energy metabolism by changing the membrane properties and morphology of the anammoxosome in response to salinity stress. This study broadens the response mechanism of anammox bacteria to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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