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Li T, Liu J, Guo G, Ning B, Li X, Zhu G, Yang D, Moran TH, Smith WW. Synphilin-1 Interacts with AMPK and Increases AMPK Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4352. [PMID: 32570982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for the cytoplasmic protein synphilin-1 in regulating energy balance has been demonstrated recently. Expression of synphilin-1 increases ATP levels in cultured cells. However, the mechanism by which synphilin-1 alters cellular energy status is unknown. Here, we used cell models and biochemical approaches to investigate the cellular functions of synphilin-1 on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, which may affect energy balance. Overexpression of synphilin-1 increased AMPK phosphorylation (activation). Moreover, synphilin-1 interacted with AMPK by co-immunoprecipitation and GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down assays. Knockdown of synphilin-1 reduced AMPK phosphorylation. Overexpression of synphilin-1 also altered AMPK downstream signaling, i.e., a decrease in acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, and an increase in p70S6K phosphorylation. Treatment of compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reduced synphilin-1 binding with AMPK. In addition, compound C diminished synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, and the increase in cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels. Our results demonstrated that synphilin-1 couples with AMPK, and they exert mutual effects on each other to regulate cellular energy status. These findings not only identify novel cellular actions of synphilin-1, but also provide new insights into the roles of synphilin-1 in regulating energy currency, ATP.
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Shishido T, Nagano Y, Araki M, Kurashige T, Obayashi H, Nakamura T, Takahashi T, Matsumoto M, Maruyama H. Synphilin-1 has neuroprotective effects on MPP +-induced Parkinson's disease model cells by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 2018; 690:145-150. [PMID: 30316984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synphilin-1, a cytoplasmic protein, interacts with α-synuclein which is one of the main constituents of Lewy bodies and plays an important role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD), in neurons. This interaction indicates that synphilin-1 may also play a central role in PD. However, the biological functions of synphilin-1 are not fully understood, and whether synphilin-1 is neurotoxic or neuroprotective remains controversial. This study examined the function of synphilin-1 in a PD model in vitro. We used an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). We established human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines that stably expressed human synphilin-1. We found that overexpression of synphilin-1 increased SH-SY5Y cell viability after MPP+ treatment. We further found that synphilin-1 significantly suppressed apoptotic changes in nuclei, including nuclear condensation and fragmentation, after MPP+ treatment. We showed that synphilin-1 significantly decreased MPP+-induced cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase levels by using western blotting. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MPP+ was significantly reduced in cells expressing synphilin-1 compared to those expressing empty vector. Synphilin-1 inhibited MPP+-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol. These data suggested that synphilin-1 may function to protect against dopaminergic cell death by preserving mitochondrial function and inhibiting early steps in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that synphilin-1 may play neuroprotective roles in PD pathogenesis by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Shishido
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nagano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Mutsuko Araki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, NHO Kure Medical Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Hitomi Obayashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oyamada Memorial Spa Hospital, 5538-1 Yamada-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie, 512-1111, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masayasu Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan; Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai City Hospital Organization, 1-1-1 Ebaraji-cho Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8304, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Minami-ku Kasumi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Freyssin A, Page G, Fauconneau B, Rioux Bilan A. Natural polyphenols effects on protein aggregates in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's prion-like diseases. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:955-961. [PMID: 29926816 PMCID: PMC6022479 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common neurodegenerative diseases. They are characterized by protein aggregates and so can be considered as prion-like disease. The major components of these deposits are amyloid peptide and tau for Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein and synphilin-1 for Parkinson's disease. Drugs currently proposed to treat these pathologies do not prevent neurodegenerative processes and are mainly symptomatic therapies. Molecules inducing inhibition of aggregation or disaggregation of these proteins could have beneficial effects, especially if they have other beneficial effects for these diseases. Thus, several natural polyphenols, which have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, have been largely studied, for their effects on protein aggregates found in these diseases, notably in vitro. In this article, we propose to review the significant papers concerning the role of polyphenols on aggregation and disaggregation of amyloid peptide, tau, α-synuclein, synphilin-1, suggesting that these compounds could be useful in the treatments in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Freyssin
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 NEUVACOD (Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive Disorders), Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
| | - Guylène Page
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 NEUVACOD (Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive Disorders), Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
| | - Bernard Fauconneau
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 NEUVACOD (Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive Disorders), Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Rioux Bilan
- University of Poitiers, EA3808 NEUVACOD (Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive Disorders), Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
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Dashtipour K, Tafreshi A, Adler C, Beach T, Chen X, Serrano G, Tashiro S, Wang C. Hypermethylation of Synphilin-1, Alpha-Synuclein-Interacting Protein (SNCAIP) Gene in the Cerebral Cortex of Patients with Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E74. [PMID: 28653979 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine and compare DNA methylation patterns between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and age- and sex-similar matched non-PD controls. Background: Epigenetic regulation is one of the major mechanisms for an organism to respond to the environment through changes in gene expression and has been implicated in numerous disease processes. We would like to examine epigenetic modification patterns that may predispose or protect against PD. Methods: Frozen tissue samples of the human cerebral cortex from 12 PD patients and 12 subjects without PD pathology were obtained. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Differential methylation was defined as a mean methylation level difference (delta β) of at least 0.20 (Δβ ≥ 0.20). Methylation regions with an absolute delta β value ≥ 0.20 were selected for further gene function studies. Results: We identified 2795 differentially methylated CpG sites in the frontal cortex of PD cases with a detection p-value of ≤ 0.01 and 328 differentially methylated CpG sites with a detection p-value of ≤ 0.001. A pattern of robust hypermethylation of synphilin-1, α-synuclein-interacting protein (SNCAIP) gene was found in the brain of PD cases (p = 4.93 × 10−7 and delta β = 0.60). Conclusion: Our findings support a link between SNCAIP methylation and PD risk. Hypomethylation of SNCAIP may function to protect against PD. The current results may suggest that the methylation status of SNCAIP could be useful as a marker in PD diagnosis and treatment and warrants further investigation.
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Kabiraj P, Marin JE, Varela-Ramirez A, Narayan M. An 11-mer Amyloid Beta Peptide Fragment Provokes Chemical Mutations and Parkinsonian Biomarker Aggregation in Dopaminergic Cells: A Novel Road Map for "Transfected" Parkinson's. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1519-30. [PMID: 27635664 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is generally associated with Alzheimer's onset. Here, we demonstrate that incubation of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells with an Aβ peptide fragment (an 11-mer composed of residues 25-35; Aβ (25-35)) results in elevated intracellular nitrosative stress and induces chemical mutation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident oxidoreductase chaperone. Furthermore, Aβ (25-35) provokes aggregation of both the minor and major biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, namely, synphilin-1 and α-synuclein, respectively. Importantly, fluorescence studies demonstrate that Aβ (25-35) triggers colocalization of these Parkinsonian biomarkers to form Lewy-body-like aggregates, a key and irreversible milestone in the neurometabolic cascade leading to Parkinson's disease. In addition, fluorescence assays also reveal direct, aggregation-seeding interactions between Aβ (25-35), PDI and α-synuclein, suggesting neuronal pathogenesis occurs via prion-type cross-transfectivity. These data indicate that the introduction of an Alzheimer's-associated biomarker in dopaminergic cells is proliferative, with the percolative effect exercised via dual, independent, Parkinson-pathogenic pathways, one stress-derived and the other prion-like. The results define a novel molecular roadmap for Parkinsonian transfectivity via an Alzheimeric burden and reveal the involvement of PDI in amyloid beta induced Parkinson's.
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Kabiraj P, Marin JE, Varela-Ramirez A, Zubia E, Narayan M. Ellagic acid mitigates SNO-PDI induced aggregation of Parkinsonian biomarkers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1209-20. [PMID: 25247703 DOI: 10.1021/cn500214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosative stress mediated S-nitrosylation (SNO) of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a housekeeping oxidoreductase, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD) diseases. Previous cell line studies have indicated that SNO-PDI formation provokes synphilin-1 aggregation, the minor Parkinsonian biomarker protein. Yet no work exists investigating whether SNO-PDI induces α-synuclein aggregation, the major Lewy body constituent associated with Parkinson's pathogenesis. Here, we report that SNO-PDI formation is linked to the aggregation of α-synuclein and also provokes α-synuclein:synphilin-1 deposits (Lewy-body-like debris) normally found in the PD brain. Furthermore, we have examined the ability of a small molecule, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione (ellagic acid; EA) to scavenge NOx radicals and to protect cells from SNO-PDI formation via rotenone insult both, cell-based and cell-independent in vitro experiments. Furthermore, EA not only mitigates nitrosative-stress-induced aggregation of synphilin-1 but also α-synuclein and α-synuclein:synphilin-1 composites (Lewy-like neurites) in PC12 cells. Mechanistic analyses of the neuroprotective phenomena revealed that EA lowered rotenone-instigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in PC12 cells, imparted antiapoptotic tributes, and directly interfered with SNO-PDI formation. Lastly, we demonstrate that EA can bind human serum albumin (HSA). These results collectively indicate that small molecules can provide a therapeutic foothold for overcoming Parkinson's through a prophylactic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological
Sciences, §Cytometry, Screening and Imaging
Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jose Eduardo Marin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological
Sciences, §Cytometry, Screening and Imaging
Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological
Sciences, §Cytometry, Screening and Imaging
Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Emmanuel Zubia
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological
Sciences, §Cytometry, Screening and Imaging
Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological
Sciences, §Cytometry, Screening and Imaging
Core Facility and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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