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Shi M, Ren R. Do Chinese viewers watch e-sports games for a different reason? Motivations, attitude, and team identification in predicting e-sports online spectatorship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1234305. [PMID: 37901090 PMCID: PMC10613109 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding factors that predict the intention of e-sports game online spectatorship has drawn a great deal of scholarly attention. Prior work on this topic has primarily focused on explaining the mediation mechanism between the spectator motivations and behavioral intention, such as attitude and subjective well-being, while overlooking the specific role of team identification and satisfaction with past experience, which were understudied in the previous studies but also prominent in the context of e-sports spectatorship. Besides, previous research was mainly conducted in a Western context; therefore, little was known about the online e-sports audience in China and their motivations to view e-sports games on live-streaming platforms. Methods The current study thus aims to examine if and how these factors are related to the intention of watching e-sports games online by hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling. Results Results from a survey of 452 Chinese e-sports online audiences suggested that three motivations (skill improvement, entertainment, and friends bonding), attitude towards e-sports game online spectatorship, and satisfaction with past experience were positively related to watching intention. These motivations and satisfaction also positively influenced attitude, while socialization opportunity (one of the motivations) negatively influenced attitude. Furthermore, team identification negatively moderated the relationship between satisfaction with past experience and behavioral intention. Also, attitude mediated the association between motivations, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Discussion In general, our study identifies the motivations that relate to Chinese e-sports viewers' attitude as well as their watching intention, and underscores the role of satisfaction with past experience, attitude, and team identification in the context of e-sports. These findings contribute to deriving a holistic view of e-sports game online spectatorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruqin Ren
- USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural and Creative Industry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Fransen K, Boen F, Haslam SA, McLaren CD, Mertens N, Steffens NK, Bruner MW. Unlocking the power of 'us': Longitudinal evidence that identity leadership predicts team functioning and athlete well-being. J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2768-2783. [PMID: 36973858 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The social identity approach has become an important framework for understanding effective leadership. The present study is the first to longitudinally examine the relative impact of coaches' and athlete leaders' identity leadership on athletes' identification with their team, as well as the subsequent relationships with key team and individual outcomes. To investigate these research questions, 18 sport teams (N = 279) completed a questionnaire early and late in their season competition. To analyse these data, we conducted structural equation modelling and controlled both for baseline values and the nested structure of our data. Results revealed that it was mainly the identity leadership of athlete leaders (and not of the coach) early in the season that predicted athletes' team identification later in the season. This increased team identification in turn fed into both team outcomes (i.e., task climate, team resilience, team performance) and individual outcomes (i.e., well-being, burnout, and individual performance). The mediating role of team identification suggests that by building a shared sense of 'we', athlete leaders can improve the team's effectiveness and enhance athletes' well-being. Accordingly, we conclude that empowering athlete leaders and strengthening their identity leadership skills is an important way to unlock sport teams' full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Boen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Colin D McLaren
- Department of Experiential Studies in Community and Sport, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS, Canada
| | - Niels Mertens
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niklas K Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark W Bruner
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
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3
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Frenzel SB, Junker NM, Häusser JA, Erkens VA, van Dick R. Team identification relates to lower burnout-Emotional and instrumental support as two different social cure mechanisms. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 62:673-691. [PMID: 36263887 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Team identification is associated with less exhaustion and disengagement through more social support and higher collective self-efficacy. However, previous studies did not distinguish between emotional and instrumental support, even though both forms of support may relate differently to collective self-efficacy. By distinguishing between both support forms, we expected an indirect effect-the 'supportive structure' mechanism-of team identification on burnout mediated via emotional support. For a second mechanism-the 'supportive action' mechanism-we expected an indirect effect serially mediated by instrumental support and collective self-efficacy. We tested our hypotheses among N T1 = 567 employees in a four-wave study with 3-month time lags between measurement points. Partially in line with our expectations, emotional support (T2) mediated the relation between team identification (T1) and disengagement (T4), but not emotional exhaustion (T4). Moreover, as expected, the results showed an indirect association between team identification (T1) and emotional exhaustion and disengagement (T4) via instrumental support (T2) and collective self-efficacy (T3). Accordingly, employees benefit from both support forms but through different mechanisms. We discuss our findings and implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja B Frenzel
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina M Junker
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan A Häusser
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valerie A Erkens
- Department of Social Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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4
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Yan X, Liu J. The effect of director-deputy director promotion focus congruence on team knowledge creation: A social identification perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:981724. [PMID: 36204757 PMCID: PMC9531603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new leadership style, promotion-focused leadership has attracted the attention of theorists and practitioners. Existing research emphasizes the positive value of director personal promotion focus on team creative behavior while overlooking director-deputy director promotion focus fit. Based on Regulatory Fit Theory and Social Identity Theory, this study explored the effect of director-deputy director promotion focus fit on team knowledge creation and the mediating role of team identification. We used polynomial regression and response surface analysis to analyze the data from 674 questionnaires. The results demonstrate that: (1) director-deputy director congruence in promotion focus is positively related to team identification; (2) under the condition of director-deputy director promotion focus congruence, the level of team identification does not significantly increase when director-deputy director promotion focus rises from "low-low" to "high-high"; (3) team identification plays a mediating role in the relationship between director-deputy director promotion focus congruence and team knowledge creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yan
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Liu
- Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
- School of Economics and Management, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, China
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5
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van Dick R, Cordes BL, Lemoine JE, Steffens NK, Haslam SA, Akfirat SA, Ballada CJA, Bazarov T, Aruta JJBR, Avanzi L, Bodla AA, Bunjak A, Černe M, Dumont KB, Edelmann CM, Epitropaki O, Fransen K, García-Ael C, Giessner S, Gleibs IH, Godlewska-Werner D, González R, Kark R, Laguia Gonzalez A, Lam H, Lipponen J, Lupina-Wegener A, Markovits Y, Maskor M, Molero F, Monzani L, Moriano Leon JA, Neves P, Orosz G, Pandey D, Retowski S, Roland-Lévy C, Samekin A, Schuh S, Sekiguchi T, Song LJ, Story J, Stouten J, Sultanova L, Tatachari S, Valdenegro D, van Bunderen L, Van Dijk D, Wong SI, Youssef F, Zhang XA, Kerschreiter R. Identity Leadership, Employee Burnout and the Mediating Role of Team Identification: Evidence from the Global Identity Leadership Development Project. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12081. [PMID: 34831833 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Do leaders who build a sense of shared social identity in their teams thereby protect them from the adverse effects of workplace stress? This is a question that the present paper explores by testing the hypothesis that identity leadership contributes to stronger team identification among employees and, through this, is associated with reduced burnout. We tested this model with unique datasets from the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project with participants from all inhabited continents. We compared two datasets from 2016/2017 (n = 5290; 20 countries) and 2020/2021 (n = 7294; 28 countries) and found very similar levels of identity leadership, team identification and burnout across the five years. An inspection of the 2020/2021 data at the onset of and later in the COVID-19 pandemic showed stable identity leadership levels and slightly higher levels of both burnout and team identification. Supporting our hypotheses, we found almost identical indirect effects (2016/2017, b = −0.132; 2020/2021, b = −0.133) across the five-year span in both datasets. Using a subset of n = 111 German participants surveyed over two waves, we found the indirect effect confirmed over time with identity leadership (at T1) predicting team identification and, in turn, burnout, three months later. Finally, we explored whether there could be a “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect for identity leadership. Speaking against this, we found a u-shaped quadratic effect whereby ratings of identity leadership at the upper end of the distribution were related to even stronger team identification and a stronger indirect effect on reduced burnout.
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6
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Lindström J. Personality and Team Identification Predict Violent Intentions Among Soccer Supporters. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:741277. [PMID: 34761217 PMCID: PMC8573121 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.741277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soccer supporter violence remains a persistent global problem. The majority of research examining the psychological underpinnings of soccer supporter violence have focused primarily on the role of team identification. Relatively little research has examined the role of basic personality traits and willingness to engage in violence amongst soccer supporters. In a study amongst Swedish soccer supporters (N = 247), we examined whether honesty-humility and team identification predict violent behavioral intentions; examining if collective narcissism mediates these associations. Honesty-humility negatively predicted violent intentions, and team identification predicted violent intentions. Collective narcissism partially mediated these associations. When both Honesty-humility and team identification are accounted for though, collective narcissism did not predict violent intentions. Such findings have implications for the design of violence prevention interventions amongst soccer supporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lindström
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Tiede KE, Schultheis SK, Meyer B. Subgroup Splits in Diverse Work Teams: Subgroup Perceptions but Not Demographic Faultlines Affect Team Identification and Emotional Exhaustion. Front Psychol 2021; 12:595720. [PMID: 33643128 PMCID: PMC7907170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between (hypothetical) subgroup splits (i.e., faultlines), subjectively perceived subgroups, and team identification and emotional exhaustion. Based on the job demands-resources model and on self-categorization theory, we propose that faultline strength and perceived subgroups negatively affect emotional exhaustion, mediated by team identification. We further propose that subgroup identification moderates the mediation such that subgroup identification compensates low levels of team identification. We tested our hypotheses with a two-wave questionnaire study in a sample of 105 participants from 48 teams from various contexts. We found an effect of perceived subgroups on emotional exhaustion mediated by team identification, but no direct or indirect effect of faultline strength on emotional exhaustion. We also could not find that subgroup identification moderates the effect of team identification on emotional exhaustion. We discuss the need for further research on the link of subgroup splits in work teams and the rise of psychological health issues and derive that measures to prevent burnout should primarily focus on avoiding or reducing subgroup perception whereas affecting the actual demographic composition of work team should be of lower priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E. Tiede
- Graduate School of Decision Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Bertolt Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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8
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Fransen K, Haslam SA, Steffens NK, Mallett CJ, Peters K, Boen F. Making 'us' better: High-quality athlete leadership relates to health and burnout in professional Australian football teams. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 20:953-963. [PMID: 31607229 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1680736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Overtraining, exhaustion, and burnout are widely recognized problems amongst elite athletes. The present research addresses this issue by exploring the extent to which high-quality athlete leadership is associated with elite athletes' health and burnout. Participants (120 male athletes from three top-division Australian football teams) were asked to rate the quality of each of their teammates in four different leadership roles (i.e. as task and motivational leaders on the field and as social and external leaders off the field), and also to indicate their identification with their team as well as their self-reported health and burnout. Findings indicated that (a) being seen to be a good athlete leader by other members of the team and (b) having a good athlete leader on the team were both positively associated with better team member health and lower burnout. This relationship was mediated by athletes' identification with their team, suggesting that leaders enhance athletes' health and reduce athlete burnout by creating and maintaining a sense of shared identity in their team. This, in turn, suggests that coaches can foster an optimal team environment by developing the leadership potential of their athlete leaders - in particular, their skills that foster a sense of shared team identification. This is in the interests not only of team performance but also of team members' health and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niklas K Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clifford J Mallett
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kim Peters
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Filip Boen
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Mascarenhas MF, Dübbers F, Hoszowska M, Köseoğlu A, Karakasheva R, Topal AB, Izydorczyk D, Lemoine JE. The Power of Choice: A Study Protocol on How Identity Leadership Fosters Commitment Toward the Organization. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1677. [PMID: 30258380 PMCID: PMC6144575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identity leadership (IL) describes that the effectiveness of a leader will depend upon his capacity to represent a given group, to make the group go forward, to create a group identity, and to make the group matter. An identity leader may increase commitment among his followers by increasing the perception of shared identity and giving more weight in the decision process to his followers. We aim to explore the mechanisms through which a leader who creates a shared group identity can increase organizational commitment. In the first study, we plan to conduct a cross-cultural correlational study where we aim to test if the relationship between IL and organizational commitment is mediated by team identification and mediated-moderated by participation in decision making (PDM) and collective efficacy. In the second study, we aim to explore the direction of the causality between IL and PDM. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct an experimental study in which (1) we will manipulate IL to test its influence on the perception of PDM and (2) we will manipulate PDM to test its influence on the perception of IL. Thus, we will be able to identify the role of IL and the perception of PDM on organizational commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Dübbers
- Department of Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Aylin Köseoğlu
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ralitsa Karakasheva
- Department Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse B Topal
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jérémy E Lemoine
- ESCP Europe Business School, London, United Kingdom.,C2S, Laboratory of Psychology: 'Cognition, Health, Socialization', University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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10
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Liu H, Li G. Linking Transformational Leadership and Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Team Goal Commitment and Perceived Team Identification. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30108540 PMCID: PMC6079249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely assumed that transformational leadership can effectively facilitate the sharing of knowledge among followers, but most investigations of the underlying mechanisms were based on the social exchange perspective. Based on a sensegiving theory perspective, this article attempts to uncover the mechanisms by which transformational leadership has its impact on employee knowledge sharing behavior by proposing two team-directed mediating mechanisms: perceived team goal commitment and perceived team identification. Results of multi-source and time-lagged data from 186 leader-follower pairs supported the proposed mediating effects. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Liu
- Department of Information Management, School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiquan Li
- Department of Human Resource Management, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Bruner MW, Balish SM, Forrest C, Brown S, Webber K, Gray E, McGuckin M, Keats MR, Rehman L, Shields CA. Ties That Bond: Youth Sport as a Vehicle for Social Identity and Positive Youth Development. Res Q Exerc Sport 2017; 88:209-214. [PMID: 28362163 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2017.1296100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An emerging area of research has focused on understanding how the group dynamics of a sport team influence positive youth development (PYD). The identities that youth form through their membership in sport teams (i.e., social identities) have been found to influence teammate behavior and team performance. Yet, minimal work exists on social identity and PYD in youth sport. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social identity and PYD in sport. METHOD Youth engaged in recreational sport (N = 219; Mage = 11.61 years, SD = 1.39 years) completed measures of social identity and PYD in sport. The social identity measure assessed 3 dimensions including ingroup ties (IGT; perceptions of similarity, bonding, belongingness), cognitive centrality (importance of being a team member), and ingroup affect (IGA; feelings associated with group membership). A regression analysis was performed separately for 4 PYD outcomes (personal and social skills, goal setting, initiative, negative experiences) with the 3 dimensions of social identity entered as predictors. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that IGT and IGA were positively associated with personal and social skills (R2 Adj. = .29). Further, IGT predicted initiative (R2 Adj. = .16), whereas IGA was positively associated with goal setting (R2 Adj. = .17) and negatively associated with negative experiences (R2 Adj. = .08). CONCLUSION The findings extend previous research highlighting the benefits of social identity on teammate behavior and team performance and demonstrate how social identity may contribute to PYD through sport.
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12
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Veldman J, Meeussen L, Van Laar C, Phalet K. Women (Do Not) Belong Here: Gender-Work Identity Conflict among Female Police Officers. Front Psychol 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28220097 PMCID: PMC5292822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paper examines antecedents and consequences of perceiving conflict between gender and work identities in male-dominated professions. In a study among 657 employees working in 85 teams in the police force, we investigated the effect of being different from team members in terms of gender on employees’ perception that their team members see their gender identity as conflicting with their work identity. As expected in the police force as a male-dominated field, the results showed that gender-dissimilarity in the team was related to perceived gender-work identity conflict for women, and not for men. In turn, perceiving gender-work identity conflict was related to lower team identification for men and women. Although lowering team identification might enable employees to cope with conflicting social identities and hence protect the self, this may also have its costs, as lower team identification predicted higher turnover intentions, more burn-out symptoms, less extra role behavior, lower job satisfaction, lower work motivation, and lower perceived performance. Additionally, for women, experiencing support from their team members and team leader showed a trend to mitigate the relationship between gender-dissimilarity and perceived gender-work identity conflict, and a positive diversity climate was marginally related to less perceived gender-work identity conflict. The results show the importance of the team context in shaping a climate of (in)compatible identities for numerically underrepresented and historically undervalued social group members in order to hinder or protect their work outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Veldman
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Loes Meeussen
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Colette Van Laar
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | - Karen Phalet
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
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13
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Bernache-Assollant I, Chantal Y, Bouchet P, Lacassagne MF. Understanding the consequences of victory amongst sport spectators: The mediating role of BIRGing. Eur J Sport Sci 2016; 16:719-25. [PMID: 26783830 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1135987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prior work on the relationships between team identification and spectators' reactions to one's team victory has largely neglected the potential effects of mediating variables. In this research, we proposed that the process of Basking in Reflected Glory [BIRGing - the tendency to reduce the distance between oneself and one's team; Cialdini, R. B., Bordon, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366-375] would lead spectators to almost take ownership of victories and share its benefits, thereby impacting their sense of national belonging in a positive manner. To this end, participants (N = 73) were asked to watch an edited video clip showing a victory of the French national rugby team playing against South Africa. As expected, results revealed that BIRGing mediated the relationship between team identification and one's sense of national belonging. In closing, a number of implications are discussed along with future research avenues pertaining to the sport spectatorship literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Chantal
- a Laboratoire SPMS (EA 4180) , Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Patrick Bouchet
- a Laboratoire SPMS (EA 4180) , Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
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14
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Fransen K, Steffens NK, Haslam SA, Vanbeselaere N, Vande Broek G, Boen F. We will be champions: Leaders' confidence in 'us' inspires team members' team confidence and performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1455-1469. [PMID: 26687878 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present research examines the impact of leaders' confidence in their team on the team confidence and performance of their teammates. In an experiment involving newly assembled soccer teams, we manipulated the team confidence expressed by the team leader (high vs neutral vs low) and assessed team members' responses and performance as they unfolded during a competition (i.e., in a first baseline session and a second test session). Our findings pointed to team confidence contagion such that when the leader had expressed high (rather than neutral or low) team confidence, team members perceived their team to be more efficacious and were more confident in the team's ability to win. Moreover, leaders' team confidence affected individual and team performance such that teams led by a highly confident leader performed better than those led by a less confident leader. Finally, the results supported a hypothesized mediational model in showing that the effect of leaders' confidence on team members' team confidence and performance was mediated by the leader's perceived identity leadership and members' team identification. In conclusion, the findings of this experiment suggest that leaders' team confidence can enhance members' team confidence and performance by fostering members' identification with the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fransen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N K Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - S A Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - N Vanbeselaere
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Vande Broek
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Boen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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De Backer M, Boen F, De Cuyper B, Høigaard R, Vande Broek G. A team fares well with a fair coach: Predictors of social loafing in interactive female sport teams. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:897-908. [PMID: 25123599 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present research aimed to develop and test a theoretical model that links players' perceived justice of the coach to a more optimal motivational climate, which in turn increases players' team identification and cohesion, and results in lower levels of social loafing in female sport teams. Belgian elite female basketball, volleyball, and football players (study 1; N = 259; M(age) = 22.6) and Norwegian world-class female handball players (study 2; N = 110; M(age) = 22.8) completed questionnaires assessing players' perceived justice (distributive and procedural), motivational climate, team identification, team cohesion (task and social), and social loafing (perceived and self-reported). In both studies, confirmatory and exploratory path analyses indicated that perceived justice was positively related to a mastery climate (P < 0.05) and negatively to a performance climate (P < 0.05). In turn, a mastery climate was linked to increased levels of team identification (P < 0.05) and task cohesion (P < 0.05). Consequently, players' perceived and self-reported social loafing decreased (P < 0.05). The findings of both independent studies demonstrated the impact of coaches' fairness, and consequently, the motivational climate created by the coach on the optimal functioning of female sport teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Backer
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Boen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B De Cuyper
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Høigaard
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - G Vande Broek
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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