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Zhao X, Jiang J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li G. Thermal and Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Hydrogel Actuators with Spatiotemporally Developed Polypyrrole Patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9286-9292. [PMID: 38323411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are commonly adopted to develop electro- and photoresponsive materials due to their superior electronic conductivity and phototothermal convertibility. However, they are usually homogeneously polymerized within the network, which makes their functionalities challenging to spatiotemporally modulate. In this work, we report a convenient and extensible method to develop polypyrrole patterns in a thermally responsive sodium alginate/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. The polypyrrole pattern is developed by spatial photoreduction of Fe3+ ions into Fe2+ ions and subsequently initiating oxidation polymerization of pyrrole by the residual Fe3+ ions. During this process, carboxylate groups coordinated with Fe3+ ions are also sacrificed in a gradient manner along the thickness direction, and the resulting concentration gradients of the carboxylate group endow the hydrogel with thermal-responsive actuation. The polymerized polypyrrole also renders the hydrogels' prominent temperature-rising behaviors upon NIR light irradiation. By designing the PPy pattern, hydrogels can exhibit versatile actuating behaviors and execute mechanical works such as lifting objects. This method is convenient and can be extended to develop other conjugated polymers in hydrogel systems for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
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Rentería-Urquiza M, Flores-Rojas GG, Gómez-Lázaro B, López-Saucedo F, Vera-Graziano R, Mendizabal E, Bucio E. Lignocellulosic Membranes Grafted with N-Vinylcaprolactam Using Radiation Chemistry: Load and Release Capacity of Vancomycin. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:551. [PMID: 38399929 PMCID: PMC10893404 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation chemistry presents a unique avenue for developing innovative polymeric materials with desirable properties, eliminating the need for chemical initiators, which can be potentially detrimental, especially in sensitive sectors like medicine. In this investigation, we employed a radiation-induced graft polymerization process with N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL) to modify lignocellulosic membranes derived from Agave salmiana, commonly known as maguey. The membranes underwent thorough characterization employing diverse techniques, including contact angle measurement, degree of swelling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and uniaxial tensile mechanical tests. The membranes' ability to load and release an antimicrobial glycopeptide drug was assessed, revealing significant enhancements in both drug loading and sustained release. The grafting of PNVCL contributed to prolonged sustained release by decreasing the drug release rate at temperatures above the LCST. The release profiles were analyzed using the Higuchi, Peppas-Sahlin, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, suggesting a Fickian transport mechanism as indicated by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Rentería-Urquiza
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
| | - Guadalupe Gabriel Flores-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Belén Gómez-Lázaro
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
| | - Felipe López-Saucedo
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (M.R.-U.); (E.M.)
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.G.-L.); (F.L.-S.)
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Shao Z, Mao A, Gao W, Bai H. Smart Sponge for Fast Liquid Absorption and Thermal Responsive Self-Squeezing. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1908249. [PMID: 32080931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid absorption and recycling play a crucial role in many industrial and environmental applications, such as oil spill cleanup and recovery, hemostasis, astronauts' urine recycling, and so on. Although many liquid absorbing materials have been developed, it still remains a grand challenge to achieve both fast absorption and efficient recycling in a cost-effective and energy-saving manner, especially for viscous liquids such as crude oil. A smart polyurethane-based porous sponge with aligned channel structure is prepared by directional freezing. Compared to common sponges with random porous structure, the as-prepared smart sponge has larger liquid absorption speed due to its lower tortuosity and stronger capillary ("tortuosity effect"). More importantly, the absorbed liquid can be remotely squeezed out due to a thermally responsive shape memory effect when the sponge is heated up. Such smart sponges with well-defined porous structure and thermal responsive self-squeezing capability have great potential in efficient liquid absorption and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ziyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Anran Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Jung CW, Lee JS, Jalani G, Hwang EY, Lim DW. Thermally-Induced Actuations of Stimuli-Responsive, Bicompartmental Nanofibers for Decoupled Drug Release. Front Chem 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 30838199 PMCID: PMC6390475 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive anisotropic microstructures and nanostructures with different physicochemical properties in discrete compartments, have been developed as advanced materials for drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biosensing applications. Moreover, their stimuli-triggered actuations would be of great interest for the introduction of the functionality of drug delivery reservoirs and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, stimuli-responsive bicompartmental nanofibers (BCNFs), with completely different polymer compositions, were prepared through electrohydrodynamic co-jetting with side-by-side needle geometry. One compartment with thermo-responsiveness was composed of methacrylated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine hydrochloride) (poly(NIPAM-co-AAh)), while the counter compartment was made of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA). Both methacrylated poly(NIPAM-co-AAh) and PEGDMA in distinct compartments were chemically crosslinked in a solid phase by UV irradiation and swelled under aqueous conditions, because of the hydrophilicity of both poly(NIPAM-co-AAh) and PEGDMA. As the temperature increased, BCNFs maintained a clear interface between compartments and showed thermally-induced actuation at the nanoscale due to the collapsed poly(NIPAM-co-AAh) compartment under the PEGDMA compartment of identical dimensions. Different model drugs, bovine serum albumin, and dexamethasone phosphate were alternately loaded into each compartment and released at different rates depending on the temperature and molecular weight of the drugs. These BCNFs, as intelligent nanomaterials, have great potential as tissue engineering scaffolds and multi-modal drug delivery reservoirs with stimuli-triggered actuation and decoupled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dong Woo Lim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, College of Engineering Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Pei T, Li E, Wang H, Zhang Q, Xia L. Temperature-Responsive Electrocatalysis Based on Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Graphene Oxide (PNIPAm-GO). Chemistry 2018; 25:1535-1542. [PMID: 30565760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-modified graphene oxide (PNIPAm-GO), which is a type of thermally responsive GO, was designed and synthesized through a covalent "grafting-from" strategy. The as-prepared modified nanosheets integrated the individual advantages of two components, such as the thermal sensitivity of the PNIPAm terminal as well as the conductivity and the open 2D structure of the GO substrate. PNIPAm-GO was able to perform the reversible regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity in aqueous solution upon variations in the temperature. Such a unique property might also lead to the utilization of PNIPAm-GO as an intelligent electrode material to achieve a switchable electrochemical response toward a [Fe(CN)6 ]3-/4- probe. The PNIPAm-GO modified glassy carbon electrode (PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode) was able to exhibit better electrochemical performance in an ON/OFF switching effect than the PNIPAm-modified glassy carbon electrode (PNIPAm/GC electrode) without GO owing to the intrinsic properties and large surface area of the introduced GO. Moreover, it was found that the PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode also displayed excellent thermally responsive electrocatalysis toward the detection of 1,4-dihydro-β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and dopamine (DA), which resulted in two different catalytic statuses on the same electrode. This kind of switchable catalytic performance of the PNIPAm-GO/GC electrode might greatly enhance the flexibility of its application, and thus it is expected to have wide potential for applications in the fields of biosensors and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Pei
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Erni Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Huiting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Zhou H, Chen W, Li Q, Yan B, Jin X, Ma A, Liu H, Zhao W. Dually Synergetic Network Hydrogels with Integrated Mechanical Stretchability, Thermal Responsiveness, and Electrical Conductivity for Strain Sensors and Temperature Alertors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:14045-14054. [PMID: 29608268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first example of dually synergetic network hydrogel, which has integrated mechanical stretchability, thermal responsiveness, and electrical conductivity, has been constructed by a versatile and topological co-cross-linking approach. Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is introduced as the thermally responsive ingredient, and polyaniline (PANI) is selected as the electrically conductive ingredient. PNIPAAm network is cross-linked by double-bond end-capped Pluronic F127 (F127DA). PANI network is doped and cross-linked by phytic acid. These two ingredients are further mechanically interlocked. Due to the integrated multiple functionalities, the topologically co-cross-linked hydrogels, as will be mentioned as F-PNIPAAm/PANI hydrogels, can be fabricated into resistive-type strain sensors. The strain sensors can achieve a gauge factor of 3.92, a response time of 0.4 s, and a sensing stability for at least 350 cycles and can be further applied for monitoring human motions, including motion of two hands, bending of joints, and even swallowing and pulse rate. Moreover, F-PNIPAAm/PANI hydrogels are utilized to construct efficient temperature alertors based on the disconnection of circuits induced by volume shrinkage at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Weixing Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Qiuzhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Xilang Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Aijie Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Liu
- School of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
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Jankowski MP, Baumbauer KM, Wang T, Albers KM, Davis BM, Koerber HR. Cutaneous neurturin overexpression alters mechanical, thermal, and cold responsiveness in physiologically identified primary afferents. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:1258-1265. [PMID: 28031403 PMCID: PMC5349329 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00731.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors play an important role in the regulation of functional properties of sensory neurons under normal and pathological conditions. The GDNF family member neurturin is one such factor that has been linked to modulating responsiveness to peripheral stimuli. Neurturin binds to the GFRα2 receptor, a receptor found primarily in isolectin B4-expressing polymodal cutaneous nociceptors. Previous work has shown that knockout of GFRα2 alters heat, but not mechanical, responses in dissociated sensory neurons and reduces pain-related behaviors during the second phase of the formalin test. Research has also shown that overexpression of neurturin in basal keratinocytes increases behavioral responsiveness to mechanical stimulation and innocuous cooling of the skin without affecting noxious heat responses. Here we directly examined the impact of neurturin overexpression on cutaneous afferent function. We compared physiological responses of individual sensory neurons to mechanical and thermal stimulation of the skin, using an ex vivo skin-nerve-dorsal root ganglion-spinal cord preparation produced from neurturin-overexpressing (NRTN/OE) mice and wild-type littermate controls. We found that neurturin overexpression increases responsiveness to innocuous mechanical stimuli in A-fiber nociceptors, alters thermal responses in the polymodal subpopulation of C-fiber sensory neurons, and changes the relative numbers of mechanically sensitive but thermally insensitive C-fiber afferents. These results demonstrate the potential roles of different functional groups of sensory neurons in the behavioral changes observed in mice overexpressing cutaneous neurturin and highlight the importance of neurturin in regulating cutaneous afferent response properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY GDNF family neurotrophic factors regulate the development and function of primary sensory neurons. Of these, neurturin has been shown to modulate mechanical and cooling sensitivity behaviorally. Here we show that overexpression of neurturin in basal keratinocytes regulates mechanical responsiveness in A-fiber primary sensory neurons while increasing the overall numbers of cold-sensing units. Results demonstrate a crucial role for cutaneous neurturin in modulating responsiveness to peripheral stimuli at the level of the primary afferent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle M Baumbauer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian M Davis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - H Richard Koerber
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Hook AL, Chang CY, Scurr DJ, Langer R, Anderson DG, Williams P, Davies MC, Alexander MR. Thermally switchable polymers achieve controlled Escherichia coli detachment. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1020-5. [PMID: 24497458 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermally triggered release of up to 96% of attached uropathogenic E. coli is achieved on two polymers with opposite changes in surface wettability upon reduction in temperature. This demonstrates that the bacterial attachment to a surface cannot be explained in terms of water contact angle alone; rather, the surface composition of the polymer plays the key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Hook
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Chien-Yi Chang
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Martyn C. Davies
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG72RD UK
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Shima T, Muraoka T, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T, Kobayashi Y, Kinbara K. Thermally driven polymorphic transition prompting a naked-eye-detectable bending and straightening motion of single crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7173-8. [PMID: 24890277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of molecular motions so that they can be detected by the naked eye (10(7) -fold amplification from the ångström to the millimeter scale) is a challenging issue in the development of mechanical molecular devices. In this context, the perfectly ordered molecular alignment of the crystalline phase has advantages, as demonstrated by the macroscale mechanical motions of single crystals upon the photochemical transformation of molecules. In the course of our studies on thermoresponsive amphiphiles containing tetra(ethylene glycol) (TEG) moieties, we serendipitously found that thermal conformational changes of TEG units trigger a single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymorphic phase transition. The single crystal of the amphiphile undergoes bending and straightening motion during both heating and cooling processes at the phase-transition temperatures. Thus, the thermally triggered conformational change of PEG units may have the advantage of inducing mechanical motion in bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan) http://www.tagen.tohoku.ac.jp/labo/kinbara/index.html
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