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Kessler P, Marchot P, Silva M, Servent D. The three-finger toxin fold: a multifunctional structural scaffold able to modulate cholinergic functions. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:7-18. [PMID: 28326549 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three-finger fold toxins are miniproteins frequently found in Elapidae snake venoms. This fold is characterized by three distinct loops rich in β-strands and emerging from a dense, globular core reticulated by four highly conserved disulfide bridges. The number and diversity of receptors, channels, and enzymes identified as targets of three-finger fold toxins is increasing continuously. Such manifold diversity highlights the specific adaptability of this fold for generating pleiotropic functions. Although this toxin superfamily disturbs many biological functions by interacting with a large diversity of molecular targets, the most significant target is the cholinergic system. By blocking the activity of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors or by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, three-finger fold toxins interfere most drastically with neuromuscular junction functioning. Several of these toxins have become powerful pharmacological tools for studying the function and structure of their molecular targets. Most importantly, since dysfunction of these receptors/enzyme is involved in many diseases, exploiting the three-finger scaffold to create novel, highly specific therapeutic agents may represent a major future endeavor. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kessler
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Aix-Marseille Université/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques laboratory, Faculté des Sciences Campus Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marcela Silva
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denis Servent
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Maïga A, Vera L, Marchetti C, Lorphelin A, Bellanger L, Mourier G, Servent D, Gilles N, Stura EA. Crystallization of recombinant green mamba ρ-Da1a toxin during a lyophilization procedure and its structure determination. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:704-9. [PMID: 23722859 PMCID: PMC3668600 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113011470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
ρ-Da1a toxin from eastern green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) venom is a polypeptide of 65 amino acids with a strong affinity for the G-protein-coupled α(1A)-adrenoceptor. This neurotoxin has been crystallized from resolubilized lyophilized powder, but the best crystals grew spontaneously during lyophilization. The crystals belonged to the trigonal space group P3(1)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 37.37, c = 66.05 Å, and diffracted to 1.95 Å resolution. The structure solved by molecular replacement showed strong similarities to green mamba muscarinic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arhamatoulaye Maïga
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Vera
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charles Marchetti
- CEA, DSV, iBEB, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, Centre de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze CEDEX, France
| | - Alain Lorphelin
- CEA, DSV, iBEB, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, Centre de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze CEDEX, France
| | - Laurent Bellanger
- CEA, DSV, iBEB, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, Centre de Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze CEDEX, France
| | - Gilles Mourier
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Servent
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Gilles
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Enrico Adriano Stura
- CEA, DSV, iBiTec-S, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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