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Zhou J, Qian Y, Lang Y, Zhang Y, Tao X, Moya B, Sayed ARM, Landersdorfer CB, Shin E, Werkman C, Smith NM, Kim TH, Kumaraswamy M, Shin BS, Tsuji BT, Bonomo RA, Lee RE, Bulitta JB. Comprehensive stability analysis of 13 β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors in in vitro media, and novel supplement dosing strategy to mitigate thermal drug degradation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0139923. [PMID: 38329330 PMCID: PMC10916406 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01399-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-clinical antibiotic development relies on in vitro susceptibility and infection model studies. Validating the achievement of the targeted drug concentrations is essential to avoid under-estimation of drug effects and over-estimation of resistance emergence. While certain β-lactams (e.g., imipenem) and β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs; clavulanic acid) are believed to be relatively unstable, limited tangible data on their stability in commonly used in vitro media are known. We aimed to determine the thermal stability of 10 β-lactams and 3 BLIs via LC-MS/MS in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth at 25 and 36°C as well as agar at 4 and 37°C, and in water at -20, 4, and 25°C. Supplement dosing algorithms were developed to achieve broth concentrations close to their target over 24 h. During incubation in broth (pH 7.25)/agar, degradation half-lives were 16.9/21.8 h for imipenem, 20.7/31.6 h for biapenem, 29.0 h for clavulanic acid (studied in broth only), 23.1/71.6 h for cefsulodin, 40.6/57.9 h for doripenem, 46.5/64.6 h for meropenem, 50.8/97.7 h for cefepime, 61.5/99.5 h for piperacillin, and >120 h for all other compounds. Broth stability decreased at higher pH. All drugs were ≥90% stable for 72 h in agar at 4°C. Degradation half-lives in water at 25°C were >200 h for all drugs except imipenem (14.7 h, at 1,000 mg/L) and doripenem (59.5 h). One imipenem supplement dose allowed concentrations to stay within ±31% of their target concentration. This study provides comprehensive stability data on β-lactams and BLIs in relevant in vitro media using LC-MS/MS. Future studies are warranted applying these data to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and assessing the impact of β-lactamase-related degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yinzhi Lang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Xun Tao
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bartolome Moya
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alaa R. M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eunjeong Shin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolin Werkman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Smith
- Laboratory for Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Brian T. Tsuji
- Laboratory for Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and the CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard E. Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Hakeem MK, Elangovan S, Rafi M, George S, Shah I, Amiri KMA. Advancing Antibiotic Residue Analysis: LC-MS/MS Methodology for Ticarcillin Degradation Products in Tomato Leaves. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:133. [PMID: 38391519 PMCID: PMC10886401 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in agriculture has raised concerns about antibiotic residues in food products, necessitating robust analytical methods for detection and quantification. In this study, our primary aim was to develop a robust and advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methodology specifically designed for the accurate quantification of ticarcillin degradation products in tomato leaves. The choice of ticarcillin as the target analyte stems from its frequent use in agriculture and the potential formation of degradation products, which can pose a threat to food safety. The use of tomatoes as the target sample matrix in this study is justified by their significance in human diets, their widespread cultivation, and their suitability as a model for assessing antibiotic residue dynamics in diverse agricultural environments. By optimizing the MS/MS parameters, the study successfully demonstrates the practicality and reliability of the employed LC-MS/MS method in accurately assessing ticarcillin degradation product (Thiophene-2-Acetic acid and Thiophene-3-Acetic acid) levels. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a specialized column, ensuring high resolution and sensitivity in detecting analytes. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data acquisition was employed to enhance the selectivity and accuracy of the analysis. The developed method exhibited excellent linearity and precision, meeting the stringent requirements for antibiotic residue analysis in complex matrices. Key outcomes of this study include the successful identification and quantification of ticarcillin and its degradation products in tomato leaves, providing crucial insights into the fate of this antibiotic in agricultural settings. The methodology's applicability was further demonstrated by analyzing real-world samples, highlighting its potential for routine monitoring and ensuring food safety compliance. In summary, our study constitutes a noteworthy advancement in the domain of antibiotic residue analysis, offering a reliable method for quantifying ticarcillin degradation products in tomato leaves. The optimized parameters and MRM-based LC-MS/MS approach enhance the precision and sensitivity of the analysis, opening up opportunities for further studies in the assessment of antibiotic residues in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad K Hakeem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sampathkumar Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Rafi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suja George
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M A Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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George S, Rafi M, Aldarmaki M, ElSiddig M, Nuaimi MA, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Nath VS, Mishra AK, Hazzouri KM, Shah I, Amiri KMA. Ticarcillin degradation product thiophene acetic acid is a novel auxin analog that promotes organogenesis in tomato. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1182074. [PMID: 37731982 PMCID: PMC10507259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Efficient regeneration of transgenic plants from explants after transformation is one of the crucial steps in developing genetically modified plants with desirable traits. Identification of novel plant growth regulators and developmental regulators will assist to enhance organogenesis in culture. In this study, we observed enhanced shoot regeneration from tomato cotyledon explants in culture media containing timentin, an antibiotic frequently used to prevent Agrobacterium overgrowth after transformation. Comparative transcriptome analysis of explants grown in the presence and absence of timentin revealed several genes previously reported to play important roles in plant growth and development, including Auxin Response Factors (ARFs), GRF Interacting Factors (GIFs), Flowering Locus T (SP5G), Small auxin up-regulated RNAs (SAUR) etc. Some of the differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. We showed that ticarcillin, the main component of timentin, degrades into thiophene acetic acid (TAA) over time. TAA was detected in plant tissue grown in media containing timentin. Our results showed that TAA is indeed a plant growth regulator that promotes root organogenesis from tomato cotyledons in a manner similar to the well-known auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In combination with the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), TAA was shown to promote shoot organogenesis from tomato cotyledon in a concentration-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time demonstrating the function of TAA as a growth regulator in a plant species. Our work will pave the way for future studies involving different combinations of TAA with other plant hormones which may play an important role in in vitro organogenesis of recalcitrant species. Moreover, the differentially expressed genes and long noncoding RNAs identified in our transcriptome studies may serve as contender genes for studying molecular mechanisms of shoot organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja George
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Rafi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maitha Aldarmaki
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed ElSiddig
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Al Nuaimi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Vishnu Sukumari Nath
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Michel Hazzouri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Woziwodzka A, Krychowiak-Maśnicka M, Gołuński G, Łosiewska A, Borowik A, Wyrzykowski D, Piosik J. New Life of an Old Drug: Caffeine as a Modulator of Antibacterial Activity of Commonly Used Antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:872. [PMID: 35890171 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid and continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bacterial infections became a significant global healthcare concern. One of the proposed strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens is to use additional compounds, such as natural biologically active substances, as adjuvants for existing antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the potential of caffeine, the widely consumed alkaloid, to modulate the antibacterial effects of antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice. We used disc diffusion assay to evaluate the effects of caffeine on 40 antibiotics in two Staphylococcus aureus strains (methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive). Based on the results of this step, we selected five antibiotics for which the greatest caffeine-induced improvements in antibacterial activity were observed, and further analyzed their interactions with caffeine using a checkerboard approach. Caffeine at concentrations of 250 µg/mL or higher halved the MIC values of ticarcillin, cefepime, gentamycin, azithromycin, and novobiocin for all gram-negative species investigated (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii). At the highest caffeine concentrations tested (up to 16 mg/mL), decreases in MIC values were 8- to 16-fold. The obtained results prove that caffeine modulates the activity of structurally diverse antibiotics, with the most promising synergistic effects observed for cefepime and azithromycin toward gram-negative pathogens.
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Wang M, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang Q, Chang J, Zhang L. Determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of ticarcillin disodium-clavulanate potassium for injection in rat plasma by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520967822. [PMID: 33356736 PMCID: PMC7770263 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520967822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish a specific and rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for measuring ticarcillin and clavulanate levels in rat plasma. Methods A Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) and SCIEX QTRAP® LC-MS/MS System were used. Analyses were conducted to optimize the chromatographic and MS conditions, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of ticarcillin and clavulanate were assessed. Results Linear relationships were observed in the ranges of 10 to 10,000 ng/mL for ticarcillin R (r2 = 0.9967) 30 to 10,000 ng/mL for ticarcillin S (r2 = 0.9961), and 30 to 10,000 ng/mL for clavulanate (r2 = 0.9981). The average extraction recoveries of all compounds ranged from 86.9% to 96.4%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the ticarcillin R and S isomers in rats were distinctive. The ticarcillin R and S isomers and clavulanate were rapidly absorbed in vivo. Ticarcillin S and clavulanate had similar elimination rates, whereas that of ticarcillin R was slower. Conclusion A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ticarcillin and clavulanate in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical of Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueli Liu
- Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junshan Chang
- Department of Chemical Drug Control, Hebei Institute of Drug Control and Research, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical of Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Sacco MD, Kroeck KG, Kemp MT, Zhang X, Andrews LD, Chen Y. Influence of the α-Methoxy Group on the Reaction of Temocillin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBP3 and CTX-M-14 β-Lactamase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:e01473-19. [PMID: 31685462 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01473-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has led to the reexamination of older "forgotten" drugs, such as temocillin, for their ability to combat resistant microbes. Temocillin is the 6-α-methoxy analogue of ticarcillin, a carboxypenicillin with well-characterized antipseudomonal properties. The α-methoxy modification confers resistance to serine β-lactamases, yet temocillin is ineffective against P. aeruginosa growth. The origins of temocillin's inferior antibacterial properties against P. aeruginosa have remained relatively unexplored. Here, we analyze the reaction kinetics, protein stability, and binding conformations of temocillin and ticarcillin with penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3), an essential PBP in P. aeruginosa We show that the 6-α-methoxy group perturbs the stability of the PBP3 acyl-enzyme, which manifests in an elevated off-rate constant (k off) in biochemical assays comparing temocillin with ticarcillin. Complex crystal structures with PBP3 reveal similar binding modes of the two drugs but with important differences. Most notably, the 6-α-methoxy group disrupts a high-quality hydrogen bond with a conserved residue important for ligand binding while also being inserted into a crowded active site, possibly destabilizing the active site and enabling water molecule from bulk solvent to access and cleave the acyl-enzyme bond. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the acyl-enzyme complex of temocillin has reduced thermal stability compared with ticarcillin. Furthermore, we explore temocillin's mechanism of β-lactamase inhibition with a high-resolution complex structure of CTX-M-14 class A serine β-lactamase. The results suggest that the α-methoxy group prevents hydrolysis by locking the compound into an unexpected conformation that impedes access of the catalytic water to the acyl-enzyme adduct.
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Watt KM, Hornik CP, Balevic SJ, Mundakel G, Cotten CM, Harper B, Benjamin DK, Anand R, Laughon M, Smith PB, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin-clavulanate in premature infants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1021-1027. [PMID: 30710387 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticarcillin-clavulanate covers a broad spectrum of pathogens that are common in premature infants. In infants <30 weeks gestational age, pharmacokinetic data to guide ticarcillin-clavulanate dosing are lacking. We enrolled 15 premature infants <30 weeks gestational age, determined pharmacokinetic parameters, and performed dosing simulations to determine optimal dosing for ticarcillin-clavulanate. The infants had a median (range) postnatal age (PNA) of 18 days (6-44 days) and gestational age of 25 weeks (23-28 weeks). Clearance was lower in infants with a PNA <14 days (0.050 L/kg/h [range 0.043-0.075]) compared with a PNA ≥14-45 days (0.078 L/kg/h [0.047-0.100]), consistent with maturation of renal function. Dosing simulations determined that ticarcillin 75 mg/kg q12h (PNA <14 days) or q8h (PNA ≥ 14-45 days) achieved the target exposure for organisms with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤16 μ/mL in >90% of simulated infants. For highly resistant organisms (minimum inhibitory concentration 32 μg/mL), increased dosing frequency or extended infusion are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Watt
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen J Balevic
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel K Benjamin
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew Laughon
- University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Brian Smith
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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