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Medina-Santamarina J, Guillén F, Ilea MIM, Ruiz-Aracil MC, Valero D, Castillo S, Serrano M. Melatonin Treatments Reduce Chilling Injury and Delay Ripening, Leading to Maintenance of Quality in Cherimoya Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spain is the world's leading producer of cherimoya, a climacteric fruit highly appreciated by consumers. However, this fruit species is very sensitive to chilling injury (CI), which limits its storage. In the present experiments, the effects of melatonin applied as dipping treatment on cherimoya fruit CI, postharvest ripening and quality properties were evaluated during storage at 7 °C + 2 days at 20 °C. The results showed that melatonin treatments (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mM) delayed CI, ion leakage, chlorophyll losses and the increases in total phenolic content and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in cherimoya peel for 2 weeks with respect to controls. In addition, the increases in total soluble solids and titratable acidity in flesh tissue were also delayed in melatonin-treated fruit, and there was also reduced firmness loss compared with the control, the highest effects being found for the 0.05 mM dose. This treatment led to maintenance of fruit quality traits and to increases in the storage time up to 21 days, 14 days more than the control fruit. Thus, melatonin treatment, especially at 0.05 mM concentration, could be a useful tool to decrease CI damage in cherimoya fruit, with additional effects on retarding postharvest ripening and senescence processes and on maintaining quality parameters. These effects were attributed to a delay in the climacteric ethylene production, which was delayed for 1, 2 and 3 weeks for 0.01, 0.1 and 0.05 mM doses, respectively. However, the effects of melatonin on gene expression and the activity of the enzymes involved in ethylene production deserves further research.
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Marín-San Román S, Fernández-Novales J, Cebrián-Tarancón C, Sánchez-Gómez R, Diago MP, Garde-Cerdán T. Monitorization of Varietal Aroma Composition Dynamics during Ripening in Intact Vitis vinifera L. Tempranillo Blanco Berries by Hyperspectral Imaging. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2616-2627. [PMID: 36700632 PMCID: PMC9912339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of aromatic maturity during grape ripening provides very important information for determining the harvest date, particularly in white cultivars. However, there are currently no tools that allow this measurement to be carried out in a noninvasive and rapid way. For this reason, in the present work, we have studied the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI)) to estimate the aromatic composition of Vitis vinifera L. Tempranillo Blanco berries during ripening. A total of 236 spectra in the VIS+short wave near-infrared (VIS+SW-NIR) range (400-1000 nm) of intact berries were acquired contactless under laboratory conditions. As gold standard values, a total of 20 volatile compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the concentration of total soluble solids (TSS) was measured by refractometry. Calibration, cross-validation, and prediction models were built using partial least squares (PLS). Values of RCV2 ≥ 0.70 were obtained for α-terpineol, p-cymene, β-damascenone, β-ionone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, hexanal, citral, linalool, 2-phenylethanol, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 2-hexenal, 2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, total C13 norisoprenoids, total C6 compounds, total positive compounds (i.e., the sum of all families except C6 compounds), total benzenoids, and total soluble solids (TSS). Therefore, it can be affirmed that HSI in the VIS + SW-NIR range could be a good tool to estimate the aromatic composition of Tempranillo Blanco grape berries in a contactless, fast, and nondestructive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marín-San Román
- Grupo
VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid
y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Novales
- Grupo
TELEVITIS, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid
y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Cristina Cebrián-Tarancón
- Cátedra
de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes,
Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Gómez
- Cátedra
de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y Montes,
Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Diago
- Grupo
TELEVITIS, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid
y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Teresa Garde-Cerdán
- Grupo
VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid
y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Ctra. de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
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Agulheiro-Santos AC, Ricardo-Rodrigues S, Laranjo M, Melgão C, Velázquez R. Non-destructive prediction of total soluble solids in strawberry using near infrared spectroscopy. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:4866-4872. [PMID: 35244203 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is considered to be a fast and reliable non-destructive technique for fruit analysis. Considering that consumers are looking for strawberries with good sweetness, texture, and appearance, producers need to effectively measure the ripeness stage of strawberries to guarantee their final quality. Therefore, the use of this technique can contribute to decreasing the high level of waste and delivering good ripe strawberries to consumers. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive capacity of NIRS technology, as a possible alternative to conventional methodology, for the analysis of the main organoleptic parameters of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). RESULTS Spectroscopic measurements and physicochemical analyses [total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, colour, texture] of 'Victory' strawberries were carried out. The predictive models developed for titratable acidity, colour and texture were not good enough to quantify those parameters. By contrast, in the NIRS quantitative prediction analysis of TSS, it was observed that the spectral pre-treatment with the highest predictive capacity was the first derivative 1-5-5. The coefficients of determination were: 0.9277 for the calibration model; 0.5755 for the validation model; and 0.8207 for the prediction model, using a seven-factor partial least squares multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION Therefore, these results demonstrate that NIR analysis could be used to predict the TSS in strawberry, and further work on sampling is desirable to improve the prediction obtained in the present study. It is shown that NIRS technology is a suitable tool for determining quality attributes of strawberry in a fast, economic, and environmentally friendly way. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo-Rodrigues
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Catarina Melgão
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rocío Velázquez
- Investigación Aplicada en Hortofruticultura y Jardinería, Instituto Universitario de Recursos Agrarios (INURA), Escuela de Ingeniería Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Xu M, Sun J, Yao K, Wu X, Shen J, Cao Y, Zhou X. Nondestructive detection of total soluble solids in grapes using VMD-RC and hyperspectral imaging. J Food Sci 2021; 87:326-338. [PMID: 34940982 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Total soluble solids (TSS) are one of the most essential attributes determining the quality and price of fruit. This study aimed to use hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and wavelength selection for nondestructive detection of TSS in grape. A novel method involving variational mode decomposition and regression coefficients (VMD-RC) was proposed to select feature wavelengths. VMD was introduced to decompose the hyperspectral images data of samples with bands of (400.68-1001.61 nm) to get a series of feature components. Afterward, these components were processed separately using regression analysis to obtain the stability values of RC of each component. Finally, a filter-based selection strategy was used to screen key wavelengths. The least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and partial least squares (PLS) were constructed under full and feature wavelengths for predicting TSS. The VMD-RC-LSSVM model obtained the best prediction accuracy for TSS, with R p 2 of 0.93, with R M S E P of 0.6 %, with R E R of 18.14 and R P D p of 3.69. The overall results indicated that the VMD-RC algorithm can be used as an alternative to handle high-dimensional hyperspectral images data, and HSI has great potential for nondestructive and rapid evaluation of quality attributes in fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Traditional methods of evaluating grape quality attributes are destructive, time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, HSI was used to achieve rapid and nondestructive determination of TSS in grape. The results indicated that it was feasible to use HSI and variable selection for predicting TSS. It is of great significance to improve grape quality, guide postharvest handling and provide a valuable reference for noninvasively evaluating other internal attributes of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.,School of Electronic Engineering, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Kunshan Yao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jifeng Shen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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Halli HM, Angadi S, Kumar A, Govindasamy P, Madar R, Baskar V DC, Elansary HO, Tamam N, Abdelbacki AMM, Abdelmohsen SAM. Assessment of Planting Method and Deficit Irrigation Impacts on Physio-Morphology, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize ( Zea mays L.) on Vertisols of Semi-Arid Tropics. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1094. [PMID: 34072503 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture in a water-limited environment is critically important for today and for the future. This research evaluates the impact of deficit irrigation in different planting methods on the physio-morphological traits, grain yield and WUE of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016, consisting of three planting methods (i.e., BBF, SNF, and DWF) and four irrigation levels (i.e., I10D: irrigation once in ten days, I40: irrigation at 40% DASM, I50: irrigation at 50% DASM, and I60: irrigation at 60% DASM). The results reveal that varying degrees of water stress due to planting methods and irrigation levels greatly influenced the maize physio-morphological traits and yield attributes. The combined effect of DWF + I50 benefited the maize in terms of higher leaf area, RWC, SPAD values, CGR, and LAD, followed by the SNF method at 60 DAS. As a result, DWF + I50 and SNF + I50 had higher 100 grain weight (30.5 to 31.8 g), cob weight (181.4 to 189.6 g cob−1) and grain yield (35.3% to 36.4%) compared to other treatments. However, the reduction in the number of irrigations (24.0%) under SNF + I50 resulted in a 34% water saving. Thus, under a water-limited situation in semi-arid tropics, the practice of the SNF method + I50 could be an alternative way to explore the physio-morphological benefits in maize.
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Campbell J, Sarkhosh A, Habibi F, Gajjar P, Ismail A, Tsolova V, El-Sharkawy I. Evaluation of Biochemical Juice Attributes and Color-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051101. [PMID: 34065684 PMCID: PMC8156615 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical juice attributes and color-related traits of muscadine grape genotypes have been investigated. For this study, 90 muscadine genotypes, including 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM), were evaluated. The biochemical properties of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and TSS/Acid (T/A) ratio showed modest diversity among genotypes with a range of 10.3 °Brix, 2.1 mg tartaric acid/L, and 4.6, respectively. Nonetheless, the pH trait exhibited a tight range of 0.74 among the population with a minimum and maximum pH of 3.11 ± 0.12 and 3.85 ± 0.12. Color-related traits showed more deviation between individuals. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), luminosity index (L*), hue angle (h°), and chroma index (C*) displayed a range of 398 µg/g DW, 33.2, 352.1, and 24, respectively. The hierarchical clustering map classified the population into two large groups of colored and non-colored grapes based on L* and h°, suggesting the predominance of these two characters among the population. The colored berries genotypes clade was further divided into several sub-clades depending on C*, TAC, and TSS levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the four-color characteristics into two groups with a negative correlation between them, L* and C* versus TAC and h°. Further, PCA suggested the positive influence of acidity in enhancing the different nutraceutical components. Despite the nature of anthocyanins as a member of phenolic compounds, a lack of significant correlation between TAC and nutraceutical-related traits was detected. The dissimilatory matrix analysis highlighted the muscadine individuals C11-2-2, E16-9-1, O21-13-1, and Noble as particular genotypes among the population due to enhanced color characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiovan Campbell
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (J.C.); (P.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.)
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (J.C.); (P.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.)
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (J.C.); (P.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.)
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Behera 22516, Egypt
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (J.C.); (P.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.)
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (J.C.); (P.G.); (A.I.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-8685
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Palmitessa OD, Durante M, Caretto S, Milano F, D’Imperio M, Serio F, Santamaria P. Supplementary Light Differently Influences Physico-Chemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Hybrids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:687. [PMID: 33925644 PMCID: PMC8145936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for agriculture in the coming years will be producing more food avoiding reducing the nutritional values of fruits and vegetables, sources of nutraceutical compounds. It has been demonstrated that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used as a supplementary light (SL) technology improve tomato yield in Mediterranean greenhouses, but few data have been reported about SL effects on fruit physio-chemical parameters. In this study, three tomato hybrid (F1) cultivars were grown for year-round production in a commercial semi-closed glasshouse in Southern Italy: red cherry type ("Sorentyno"), red plum type ("Solarino"), and yellow plum type ("Maggino"). From 120 to 243 days after transplant (DAT), Red/White/Blue LEDs were used as SL. The fruits harvested 180 DAT were analyzed and those obtained under LEDs had 3% more dry weight, 15% more total soluble solids, and 16% higher titratable acidity than fruits grown only under natural light. Generally, the antioxidant activity and the mineral profile of the fruits were not negatively influenced by SL. Lycopene content was unchanged and vitamin C content of "Sorentyno" even increased by 15% under LEDs. Overall, LEDs used as SL technology could be one of the tools used by agriculture in Mediterranean basin to produce more food maintaining high quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Davide Palmitessa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (O.D.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Sofia Caretto
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Imperio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Serio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (O.D.P.); (P.S.)
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Budke C, Dierend W, Schön HG, Hora K, Mühling KH, Daum D. Iodine Biofortification of Apples and Pears in an Orchard Using Foliar Sprays of Different Composition. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:638671. [PMID: 33719316 PMCID: PMC7943743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO3). In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50-100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO3 was applied. The addition of KNO3 and Na2SeO4 to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. However, the application of KNO3 increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 °Brix compared to the control, and Na2SeO4 in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Budke
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Werner Dierend
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schön
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Karl Hermann Mühling
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diemo Daum
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
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Adetoro AO, Opara UL, Fawole OA. Effect of Carrier Agents on the Physicochemical and Technofunctional Properties and Antioxidant Capacity of Freeze-Dried Pomegranate Juice ( Punica granatum) Powder. Foods 2020; 9:E1388. [PMID: 33019645 PMCID: PMC7600028 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and technofunctional properties and antioxidant capacity of freeze-dried "Wonderful" pomegranate juice powder (PJP), produced with different carrier agents, were investigated. Powders were produced using maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and waxy starch as carrier agents and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution. Results showed that PJP produced with maltodextrin had the highest yield (46.6%), followed by gum arabic (40.6%), while waxy starch had the least yield (35.4%). Powders produced with maltodextrin (96.5%) and gum arabic (96.1%) were highly soluble, which indicates better reconstitution properties. Waxy starch-added PJP had the lowest hygroscopicity (4.7%), which offers good stability during storage and a lower degree of caking compared to maltodextrin (10.2%) and gum arabic (12.6%) powders. Powders obtained from maltodextrin and gum arabic exhibited larger particle diameters ranging between 12 to 120 µm while the lowest particle diameter range was with powders formed from waxy starch (8-40 µm). Freeze-dried pomegranate powder produced with maltodextrin retained more redness (a*) by approximately 44%, compared to gum arabic. Similarly, PJP with maltodextrin and gum arabic had higher total soluble solids (10.3 and 10.4 °Brix), respectively. Total anthocyanin content was 54% more in PJP with maltodextrin than waxy starch PJP. Similarly, the powder produced with maltodextrin had higher radical scavenging activity (33.19 mM TE/g dry matter; DM) compared to gum arabic (28.45 mM TE/g DM) and waxy starch (26.96 mM TE/g DM). Overall, maltodextrin reflected the most suitable carrier agent to produce PJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Olusesan Adetoro
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (U.L.O.)
| | - Umezuruike Linus Opara
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (U.L.O.)
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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Daniels AJ, Poblete-Echeverría C, Opara UL, Nieuwoudt HH. Measuring Internal Maturity Parameters Contactless on Intact Table Grape Bunches Using NIR Spectroscopy. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1517. [PMID: 31850021 PMCID: PMC6896837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The determination of internal maturity parameters of table grape is usually done destructively using manual methods that are time-consuming. The possibility was investigated to determine whether key fruit attributes, namely, total soluble solids (TSS); titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, pH, and BrimA (TSS - k x TA) could be determined on intact table grape bunches using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and a contactless measurement mode. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models were developed for the maturity and sensory quality parameters using grapes obtained from two consecutive harvest seasons. Statistical indicators used to evaluate the models were the number of latent variables (LVs) used to build the model, the prediction correlation coefficient (R2p) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). For the respective parameters TSS, TA, TSS/TA, pH, and BrimA, the LVs were 21, 23, 5, 7, and 24, the R2p = 0.71, 0.33, 0.57, 0.28, and 0.77, and the RMSEP = 1.52, 1.09, 7.83, 0.14, and 1.80. TSS performed best when moving smoothing windows (MSW) + multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was used as spectral pre-processing technique, TA with standard normal variate (SNV), TSS/TA with Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SG1d), pH with SG1d, and BrimA with MSC. This study provides the first steps towards a completely nondestructive and contactless determination of internal maturity parameters of intact table grape bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries J. Daniels
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Crop Development Department, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos Poblete-Echeverría
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Umezuruike L. Opara
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hélène H. Nieuwoudt
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Stellenbosch, Private bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Renna M, D'Imperio M, Gonnella M, Durante M, Parente A, Mita G, Santamaria P, Serio F. Morphological and Chemical Profile of Three Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Landraces of A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Environment. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8080273. [PMID: 31398799 PMCID: PMC6724110 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Puglia (Southern Italy), particularly rich in tomato agro-biodiversity, can be considered a typical region of the semi-arid Mediterranean environments. In this study, three local varieties of tomato (Manduria, Giallo di Crispiano and Regina) were characterized by using morphological descriptors according to international standards. Chemical (isoprenoids, ascorbic acid, total phenols, sugars and mineral content) and agronomic assessment were carried out to highlight the specific traits of these local varieties well adapted to a semi-arid environment. Data of morphological traits according to the “International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants” (UPOV) guideline evidenced a clear distinctness among all three landraces, especially as regards fruits. Results also highlighted that a great part of variation in chemical traits was almost exclusively due to genotypes, while in a few cases observed differences resulted from the interaction between genotype and harvest time. The results of the present study may represent the first step toward the recognition of “conservation variety” status for Regina, Giallo di Crispiano and Manduria tomato landraces. At the same time, both quality traits and agronomic performance of these tomato genotypes suggest the possibility of their cultivation in other semi-arid environments also considering their quality traits, in view of a sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Renna
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Imperio
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gonnella
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Miriana Durante
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR, via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Angelo Parente
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR, via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Serio
- Department, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Honoré MN, Belmonte-Ureña LJ, Navarro-Velasco A, Camacho-Ferre F. The Production and Quality of Different Varieties of Papaya Grown under Greenhouse in Short Cycle in Continental Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16101789. [PMID: 31137591 PMCID: PMC6571613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, papaya consumption is growing due to its nutritional properties. The proximity of consumer markets to Southeast Spain allows fruits to be harvested at a more advanced stage of maturity compared to exporting countries from outside Europe, a timeline which improves the quality of the papaya. Experiments have been carried out to assess the adaptation of papaya to protected cropping systems (under greenhouse) in the region. In this paper, we showed the results obtained in an experiment with five varieties, taking the most cultivated variety as control, which was grafted on its own female rootstock, in addition to another four new varieties that were introduced. Transplanting was made with early sex-identified plants in the nursery. Cultivation was developed in a 446-day cycle, almost 15 months and fruits were always harvested from the soil, due to the height that the plant reached in that period. The best yield parameters and fruit characteristics were obtained from hermaphrodite Intenzza papaya grafted on female papaya rootstock, although there were also other varieties which gave results that made possible its cultivation under this production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille N Honoré
- CIAIMBITAL, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Luis J Belmonte-Ureña
- CIAIMBITAL, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Camacho-Ferre
- CIAIMBITAL, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Sonntag F, Naumann M, Pawelzik E, Smit I. Improvement of cocktail tomato yield and consumer-oriented quality traits by potassium fertilization is driven by the cultivar. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3350-3358. [PMID: 30584798 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The market for cocktail tomatoes is growing continuously, mainly because of their good taste. Titratable acids (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and dry matter (DM) contents correlate positively with good taste. So far, the impact of different potassium (K) applications on yield and consumer-oriented quality traits has not been comprehensively described for cultivars of smaller fruits. To fill this gap, we tested the effect of different K fertilization regimes on three cultivars of small-sized or cocktail tomatoes. RESULTS A positive impact on quality parameters (TSS, TA, DM, color and firmness) was detected by raising the K fertilizer application for the cocktail tomato cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine. The cultivar Resi showed no response to fertilization, except for TSS and TA. Yield increased significantly by higher K application only in Primavera, the most productive cultivar. The K concentration in tomato rose with increasing K application. CONCLUSION Because TSS and TA increased in all cultivars, whereas only one cultivar showed an increase in yield, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of the application of cultivar-specific mineral fertilizers on yield- and consumer-oriented quality traits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Sonntag
- Department of Crop Sciences, Quality of Plant Products, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Quality of Plant Products, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elke Pawelzik
- Department of Crop Sciences, Quality of Plant Products, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Smit
- Department of Crop Sciences, Quality of Plant Products, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ramos MC, Romero MP. Potassium uptake and redistribution in Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah grape tissues and its relationship with grape quality parameters. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:3268-3277. [PMID: 27976407 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the potassium (K) levels in petiole and other grape tissues during ripening in Vitis vinifera Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in areas with differences in vigour, as well as with and without leaf thinning. Potassium levels in petiole, seeds, skin and flesh were related to grape pH, acidity, berry weight and total soluble solids. RESULTS Differences in K levels in petiole were in accordance with the differences in soil K. Leaf thinning gave rise to higher K levels in petiole but, in grape tissues, the differences were not significant in all samplings, with greater differences at the end of the growing cycle. Potassium levels per berry in grape tissues increased from veraison to harvest, with K mainly accumulated in skins and, to a lesser extent, in flesh. Potassium levels in flesh positively correlated with pH and total soluble solids, whereas the correlation with titratable acidity was negative. CONCLUSIONS Grape juice pH and total soluble solids positively correlated with K, whereas titratable acidity correlated negatively. Leaf thinning increased K levels in petiole, although differences in K levels in grape tissues were not significant. This suggests the need to consider the K berry concentration when aiming to optimise K fertilisation programmes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Ramos
- Department of Environment and Soil Science - Agrotecnio, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - María Paz Romero
- Department of Food Technology - Agrotecnio, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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Kortei NK, Odamtten GT, Obodai M, Wiafe-Kwagyan M, Addo EA. Influence of low dose of gamma radiation and storage on some vitamins and mineral elements of dried oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus). Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:570-578. [PMID: 28572943 PMCID: PMC5448374 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms contain some of the most potent natural medicines on the planet. Vitamins A, C, D, Mineral elements, contents, as well as total soluble solids (Brixo) of dried composition of Pleurotus ostreatus were investigated after exposing to gamma radiation doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kGy at a dose rate of 1.7 kGy per hour in air from a Cobalt 60 source (SLL 515, Hungary) batch irradiator prior to storage (0 month) and after storage (12 months) at room temperature (28 ± 2°C). Results obtained showed some significant (p < .05) differences due to irradiation and storage. Before storage, vitamins A, C, and D contents of dried and irradiated mushrooms ranged 0.003 ± 0.08-0.014 ± 0.08, 0.042 ± 1.06-0.132 ± 1.06, and 0.040 ± 0.76-0.057 ± 0.76 mg/g, respectively. After 12 months, vitamin contents decreased and ranged 0.0029 ± 0.08-0.010 ± 0.08, 0.038 ± 1.06-0.125 ± 1.06, and 0.031 ± 0.76-0.05 ± 0.76 mg/g for vitamins A, C, and D, respectively. Total soluble solids recorded 1.5 Brixo, however, showed no significant difference (p > .05) and did not change in 12 months after gamma irradiation up to 2 kGy. Sodium ranged from 14.00 ± 0.7 to 14.90 ± 0.8 mg/100 g. Potassium content varied from 30.20 ± 0.5 to 33.10 ± 0.6 mg/100 g. Magnesium content ranged 1.27 ± 0.15-3.53 ± 0.04 mg/100 g. Calcium ranged 11.00 ± 0.4-12.53 ± 0.4 ± 0.03 mg/100 g. Phosphorus content ranged 6.11 ± 0.30-6.41 ± 0.35 mg/100 g, whereas Nitrogen content was found to be 3.00 ± 0.03-3.60 ± 0.25 mg/100 g. Microelements or heavy metals included Copper; detected ranged 0.00 ± 0.00-0.02 ± 0.001 mg/100 g, Zinc content ranged 0.01 ± 0.002-0.03 ± 0.001 mg/100 g. Iron content was found to be in the range 0.29 ± 0.01-0.37 ± 0.1 mg/100 g. Manganese content was found to be in the range 0.03 ± 0.001-0.04 ± 0.01 mg/100 g. Lead content was found to be 0.00 ± 0.00-0.03 ± 0.001 mg/100 g. Food processing and storage has the potential to slightly alter the stability of vitamins in foods. Pleurotus ostreatus showed appreciable levels of mineral elemental composition, essential vitamins A, C, and D, and can be endorsed as a natural medicinal food product in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The heavy metals detected were with also below the upper limits permissible by the WHO standards and is thus safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nuclear Agriculture and Radiation Processing Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - George Tawia Odamtten
- Department of Nuclear Agriculture and Radiation Processing Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Legon, Accra Ghana.,Department of Plant and Environmental Biology College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Mary Obodai
- Food Microbiology Division Council for Scientific and Industrial Research- Food Research Institute Accra Ghana
| | - Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Edward Adotey Addo
- Department of Nutrition Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Legon Ghana
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