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Seth N, Simmons HA, Masood F, Graham WA, Rosene DL, Westmoreland SV, Cummings SM, Gwardjan B, Sejdic E, Hoggatt AF, Schalk DR, Abdullah HA, Sledge JB, Nesathurai S. Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury for Evaluating Pharmacologic Treatments in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fasicularis). Comp Med 2018; 68:63-73. [PMID: 29460723 PMCID: PMC5824141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the results of experiments involving cynomolgus macaques, in which a model of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) was created by using a balloon catheter inserted into the epidural space. Prior to the creation of the lesion, we inserted an EMG recording device to facilitate measurement of tail movement and muscle activity before and after TSCI. This model is unique in that the impairment is limited to the tail: the subjects do not experience limb weakness, bladder impairment, or bowel dysfunction. In addition, 4 of the 6 subjects received a combination treatment comprising thyrotropin releasing hormone, selenium, and vitamin E after induction of experimental TSCI. The subjects tolerated the implantation of the recording device and did not experience adverse effects due the medications administered. The EMG data were transformed into a metric of volitional tail moment, which appeared to be valid measure of initial impairment and subsequent natural or treatment-related recovery. The histopathologic assessment demonstrated widespread axon loss at the site of injury and areas cephalad and caudad. Histopathology revealed evidence of continuing inflammation, with macrophage activation. The EMG data did not demonstrate evidence of a statistically significant treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Seth
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Farah Masood
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William A Graham
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Basia Gwardjan
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ervin Sejdic
- Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amber F Hoggatt
- Center of Comparative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dane R Schalk
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - John B Sledge
- Lafayette Bone and Joint Clinic, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Shanker Nesathurai
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hamilton Health Sciences, St Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;,
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