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Hinnekens E, Barbu-Roth M, Do MC, Berret B, Teulier C. Generating variability from motor primitives during infant locomotor development. eLife 2023; 12:e87463. [PMID: 37523218 PMCID: PMC10390046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor variability is a fundamental feature of developing systems allowing motor exploration and learning. In human infants, leg movements involve a small number of basic coordination patterns called locomotor primitives, but whether and when motor variability could emerge from these primitives remains unknown. Here we longitudinally followed 18 infants on 2-3 time points between birth (~4 days old) and walking onset (~14 months old) and recorded the activity of their leg muscles during locomotor or rhythmic movements. Using unsupervised machine learning, we show that the structure of trial-to-trial variability changes during early development. In the neonatal period, infants own a minimal number of motor primitives but generate a maximal motor variability across trials thanks to variable activations of these primitives. A few months later, toddlers generate significantly less variability despite the existence of more primitives due to more regularity within their activation. These results suggest that human neonates initiate motor exploration as soon as birth by variably activating a few basic locomotor primitives that later fraction and become more consistently activated by the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Hinnekens
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Marianne Barbu-Roth
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Manh-Cuong Do
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
| | - Bastien Berret
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Teulier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, Orsay, France
- Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, Orléans, France
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2
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Padamsey Z, Katsanevaki D, Dupuy N, Rochefort NL. Neocortex saves energy by reducing coding precision during food scarcity. Neuron 2022; 110:280-296.e10. [PMID: 34741806 PMCID: PMC8788933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Information processing is energetically expensive. In the mammalian brain, it is unclear how information coding and energy use are regulated during food scarcity. Using whole-cell recordings and two-photon imaging in layer 2/3 mouse visual cortex, we found that food restriction reduced AMPA receptor conductance, reducing synaptic ATP use by 29%. Neuronal excitability was nonetheless preserved by a compensatory increase in input resistance and a depolarized resting potential. Consequently, neurons spiked at similar rates as controls but spent less ATP on underlying excitatory currents. This energy-saving strategy had a cost because it amplified the variability of visually-evoked subthreshold responses, leading to a 32% broadening of orientation tuning and impaired fine visual discrimination. This reduction in coding precision was associated with reduced levels of the fat mass-regulated hormone leptin and was restored by exogenous leptin supplementation. Our findings reveal that metabolic state dynamically regulates the energy spent on coding precision in neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Padamsey
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Danai Katsanevaki
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Nathalie L Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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3
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Haigh SM, Endevelt-Shapira Y, Behrmann M. Trial-to-Trial Variability in Electrodermal Activity to Odor in Autism. Autism Res 2020; 13:2083-2093. [PMID: 32860323 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal trial-to-trial variability (TTV) has been identified as a key feature of neural processing that is related to increased symptom severity in autism. The majority of studies evaluating TTV have focused on cortical processing. However, identifying whether similar atypicalities are evident in the peripheral nervous system will help isolate perturbed mechanisms in autism. The current study focuses on TTV in responses from the peripheral nervous system, specifically from electrodermal activity (EDA). We analyzed previously collected EDA data from 17 adults with autism and 19 neurotypical controls who viewed faces while being simultaneously exposed to fear (fear-induced sweat) and neutral odors. Average EDA peaks were significantly smaller and TTV was reduced in the autism group compared to controls, particularly during the fear odor condition. Amplitude and TTV were positively correlated in both groups, but the relationship was stronger in the control group. In addition, TTV was reduced in those with higher Autism Quotient scores but only for the individuals with autism. These findings confirm the existing results that atypical TTV is a key feature of autism and that it reflects symptom severity, although the smaller TTV in EDA contrasts with the previous findings of greater TTV in cortical responses. Identifying the relationship between cortical and peripheral TTV in autism is key for furthering our understanding of autism physiology. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) to emotional faces over the course of repeated faces in adults with autism and their matched controls. The faces were accompanied by smelling fear-inducing odors. We found smaller and less variable responses to the faces in autism when smelling fear odors, suggesting that the peripheral nervous system may be more rigid. These findings were exaggerated in those who had more severe autism-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Haigh
- Department of Psychology and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Marlene Behrmann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Nagele J, Herz AVM, Stemmler MB. Untethered firing fields and intermittent silences: Why grid-cell discharge is so variable. Hippocampus 2020; 30:367-383. [PMID: 32045073 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex are notoriously variable in their responses, despite the striking hexagonal arrangement of their spatial firing fields. Indeed, when the animal moves through a firing field, grid cells often fire much more vigorously than predicted or do not fire at all. The source of this trial-to-trial variability is not completely understood. By analyzing grid-cell spike trains from mice running in open arenas and on linear tracks, we characterize the phenomenon of "missed" firing fields using the statistical theory of zero inflation. We find that one major cause of grid-cell variability lies in the spatial representation itself: firing fields are not as strongly anchored to spatial location as the averaged grid suggests. In addition, grid fields from different cells drift together from trial to trial, regardless of whether the environment is real or virtual, or whether the animal moves in light or darkness. Spatial realignment across trials sharpens the grid representation, yielding firing fields that are more pronounced and significantly narrower. These findings indicate that ensembles of grid cells encode relative position more reliably than absolute position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nagele
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich and Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas V M Herz
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich and Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin B Stemmler
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich and Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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5
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Gavin WJ, Lin MH, Davies PL. Developmental trends of performance monitoring measures in 7- to 25-year-olds: Unraveling the complex nature of brain measures. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13365. [PMID: 30942480 PMCID: PMC6570561 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study explores how trial-to-trial latency variability contributes to the developmental trends observed in ERN amplitude found in the incorrect trials of a performance monitoring task, the visual flanker task. An Adaptive Woody filter was used to measure and correct for the trial-to-trial latency variability of the ERN in 240 participants aged 7-25 years. Using three measures of latency variability, the degree of trial-to-trial latency variability was shown to decrease as the age of the participants increased from 7 to 25 years. The success of the Adaptive Woody filter technique to remove the trial-to-trial latency variability was demonstrated in a straightforward manner by the significant changes in the measures of fit and intraindividual variability obtained before and after applying the filter. After the latency variability effects were removed and adjusted averaged ERPs were obtained, a more subtle but significant nonlinear developmental trend was still found in the amplitude of the ERN component.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Patricia L. Davies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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6
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Huang Z, Zhang J, Wu J, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang J, Qin P, Dai R, Yang Z, Mao Y, Hudetz AG, Northoff G. Disrupted neural variability during propofol-induced sedation and unconsciousness. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4533-4544. [PMID: 29974570 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability quenching is a widespread neural phenomenon in which trial-to-trial variability (TTV) of neural activity is reduced by repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus. However, its neural mechanism and functional significance remain poorly understood. Recurrent network dynamics are suggested as a candidate mechanism of TTV, and they play a key role in consciousness. We thus asked whether the variability-quenching phenomenon is related to the level of consciousness. We hypothesized that TTV reduction would be compromised during reduced level of consciousness by propofol anesthetics. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging signals of resting-state and stimulus-induced activities in three conditions: wakefulness, sedation, and unconsciousness (i.e., deep anesthesia). We measured the average (trial-to-trial mean, TTM) and variability (TTV) of auditory stimulus-induced activity under the three conditions. We also examined another form of neural variability (temporal variability, TV), which quantifies the overall dynamic range of ongoing neural activity across time, during both the resting-state and the task. We found that (a) TTM deceased gradually from wakefulness through sedation to anesthesia, (b) stimulus-induced TTV reduction normally seen during wakefulness was abolished during both sedation and anesthesia, and (c) TV increased in the task state as compared to resting-state during both wakefulness and sedation, but not anesthesia. Together, our results reveal distinct effects of propofol on the two forms of neural variability (TTV and TV). They imply that the anesthetic disrupts recurrent network dynamics, thus prevents the stabilization of cortical activity states. These findings shed new light on the temporal dynamics of neuronal variability and its alteration during anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Neurological Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengmin Qin
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Mao
- Neurological Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony G Hudetz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Centre, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Huang Z, Zhang J, Longtin A, Dumont G, Duncan NW, Pokorny J, Qin P, Dai R, Ferri F, Weng X, Northoff G. Is There a Nonadditive Interaction Between Spontaneous and Evoked Activity? Phase-Dependence and Its Relation to the Temporal Structure of Scale-Free Brain Activity. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1037-1059. [PMID: 26643354 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how spontaneous activity interacts with evoked activity, as well as how the temporal structure of spontaneous activity, that is, long-range temporal correlations, relate to this interaction. Using an extremely sparse event-related design (intertrial intervals: 52-60 s), a novel blood oxygen level-dependent signal correction approach (accounting for spontaneous fluctuations using pseudotrials) and phase analysis, we provided direct evidence for a nonadditive interaction between spontaneous and evoked activity. We demonstrated the discrepancy between the present and previous observations on why a linear superposition between spontaneous and evoked activity can be seen by using co-occurring signals from homologous brain regions. Importantly, we further demonstrated that the nonadditive interaction can be characterized by phase-dependent effects of spontaneous activity, which is closely related to the degree of long-range temporal correlations in spontaneous activity as indexed by both power-law exponent and phase-amplitude coupling. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of spontaneous brain activity and its scale-free properties, but also bear important implications for our understanding of neural activity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Huang
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - André Longtin
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Grégory Dumont
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Johanna Pokorny
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Rui Dai
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.,School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510613, PR China
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Georg Northoff
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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8
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Balaguer-Ballester E, Moreno-Bote R, Deco G, Durstewitz D. Editorial: Metastable Dynamics of Neural Ensembles. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 11:99. [PMID: 29472845 PMCID: PMC5810260 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emili Balaguer-Ballester
- Department of Computing and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg-Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruben Moreno-Bote
- Center for Brain and Cognition and Department of Information and Communications Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg-Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Tošić T, Sellers KK, Fröhlich F, Fedotenkova M, Beim Graben P, Hutt A. Statistical Frequency-Dependent Analysis of Trial-to-Trial Variability in Single Time Series by Recurrence Plots. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 9:184. [PMID: 26834580 PMCID: PMC4712310 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in neuroscience has supported the hypothesis that brain dynamics exhibits recurrent metastable states connected by transients, which together encode fundamental neural information processing. To understand the system's dynamics it is important to detect such recurrence domains, but it is challenging to extract them from experimental neuroscience datasets due to the large trial-to-trial variability. The proposed methodology extracts recurrent metastable states in univariate time series by transforming datasets into their time-frequency representations and computing recurrence plots based on instantaneous spectral power values in various frequency bands. Additionally, a new statistical inference analysis compares different trial recurrence plots with corresponding surrogates to obtain statistically significant recurrent structures. This combination of methods is validated by applying it to two artificial datasets. In a final study of visually-evoked Local Field Potentials in partially anesthetized ferrets, the methodology is able to reveal recurrence structures of neural responses with trial-to-trial variability. Focusing on different frequency bands, the δ-band activity is much less recurrent than α-band activity. Moreover, α-activity is susceptible to pre-stimuli, while δ-activity is much less sensitive to pre-stimuli. This difference in recurrence structures in different frequency bands indicates diverse underlying information processing steps in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tošić
- Team Neurosys, InriaVillers-lès-Nancy, France; Loria, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Loria, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kristin K Sellers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Fröhlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mariia Fedotenkova
- Team Neurosys, InriaVillers-lès-Nancy, France; Loria, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Loria, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Peter Beim Graben
- Department of German Studies and LinguisticsBerlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceBerlin, Germany
| | - Axel Hutt
- Team Neurosys, InriaVillers-lès-Nancy, France; Loria, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Loria, UMR no 7503Villers-lès-Nancy, France
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10
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Abstract
We present numerical simulations of metastable states in heterogeneous neural fields that are connected along heteroclinic orbits. Such trajectories are possible representations of transient neural activity as observed, for example, in the electroencephalogram. Based on previous theoretical findings on learning algorithms for neural fields, we directly construct synaptic weight kernels from Lotka-Volterra neural population dynamics without supervised training approaches. We deliver a MATLAB neural field toolbox validated by two examples of one- and two-dimensional neural fields. We demonstrate trial-to-trial variability and distributed representations in our simulations which might therefore be regarded as a proof-of-concept for more advanced neural field models of metastable dynamics in neurophysiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Schwappach
- Department of German Studies and Linguistics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Hutt
- Team Neurosys, Inria Villers-les-Nancy, France ; Team Neurosys, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR nō 7503, Loria Villers-les-Nancy, France ; Team Neurosys, UMR nō 7503, Loria, Université de Lorraine Villers-les-Nancy, France
| | - Peter Beim Graben
- Department of German Studies and Linguistics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
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11
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Amarasingham A, Geman S, Harrison MT. Ambiguity and nonidentifiability in the statistical analysis of neural codes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6455-60. [PMID: 25934918 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experimental studies of neural coding rely on a statistical interpretation of the theoretical notion of the rate at which a neuron fires spikes. For example, neuroscientists often ask, "Does a population of neurons exhibit more synchronous spiking than one would expect from the covariability of their instantaneous firing rates?" For another example, "How much of a neuron's observed spiking variability is caused by the variability of its instantaneous firing rate, and how much is caused by spike timing variability?" However, a neuron's theoretical firing rate is not necessarily well-defined. Consequently, neuroscientific questions involving the theoretical firing rate do not have a meaning in isolation but can only be interpreted in light of additional statistical modeling choices. Ignoring this ambiguity can lead to inconsistent reasoning or wayward conclusions. We illustrate these issues with examples drawn from the neural-coding literature.
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12
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Schmüser L, Sebastian A, Mobascher A, Lieb K, Tüscher O, Feige B. Data-driven analysis of simultaneous EEG/fMRI using an ICA approach. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:175. [PMID: 25071427 PMCID: PMC4077017 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its millisecond-scale temporal resolution, EEG allows to assess neural correlates with precisely defined temporal relationship relative to a given event. This knowledge is generally lacking in data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which has a temporal resolution on the scale of seconds so that possibilities to combine the two modalities are sought. Previous applications combining event-related potentials (ERPs) with simultaneous fMRI BOLD generally aimed at measuring known ERP components in single trials and correlate the resulting time series with the fMRI BOLD signal. While it is a valuable first step, this procedure cannot guarantee that variability of the chosen ERP component is specific for the targeted neurophysiological process on the group and single subject level. Here we introduce a newly developed data-driven analysis procedure that automatically selects task-specific electrophysiological independent components (ICs). We used single-trial simultaneous EEG/fMRI analysis of a visual Go/Nogo task to assess inhibition-related EEG components, their trial-to-trial amplitude variability, and the relationship between this variability and the fMRI. Single-trial EEG/fMRI analysis within a subgroup of 22 participants revealed positive correlations of fMRI BOLD signal with EEG-derived regressors in fronto-striatal regions which were more pronounced in an early compared to a late phase of task execution. In sum, selecting Nogo-related ICs in an automated, single subject procedure reveals fMRI-BOLD responses correlated to different phases of task execution. Furthermore, to illustrate utility and generalizability of the method beyond detecting the presence or absence of reliable inhibitory components in the EEG, we show that the IC selection can be extended to other events in the same dataset, e.g., the visual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schmüser
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sebastian
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Arian Mobascher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Emotion Regulation and Impulse Control Group, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Sarnaik R, Chen H, Liu X, Cang J. Genetic disruption of the On visual pathway affects cortical orientation selectivity and contrast sensitivity in mice. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:2276-86. [PMID: 24598523 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00558.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina signals stimulus contrast via parallel On and Off pathways and sends the information to higher visual centers. Here we study the role of the On pathway using mice that have null mutations in the On-specific GRM6 receptor in the retina (Pinto LH, Vitaterna MH, Shimomura K, Siepka SM, Balannik V, McDearmon EL, Omura C, Lumayag S, Invergo BM, Brandon M, Glawe B, Cantrell DR, Donald R, Inayat S, Olvera MA, Vessey KA, Kirstan A, McCall MA, Maddox D, Morgans CW, Young B, Pletcher MT, Mullins RF, Troy JB, Takahashi JS. Vis Neurosci 24: 111-123, 2007; Maddox DM, Vessey KA, Yarbrough GL, Invergo BM, Cantrell DR, Inayat S, Balannik V, Hicks WL, Hawes NL, Byers S, Smith RS, Hurd R, Howell D, Gregg RG, Chang B, Naggert JK, Troy JB, Pinto LH, Nishina PM, McCall MA. J Physiol 586: 4409-4424, 2008). In these "nob" mice, single unit recordings in the primary visual cortex (V1) reveal degraded selectivity for orientations due to an increased response at nonpreferred orientations. Contrast sensitivity in the nob mice is reduced with severe deficits at low contrast, consistent with the phenotype of night blindness in human patients with mutations in Grm6. These cortical deficits can be largely explained by reduced input drive and increased response variability seen in nob V1. Interestingly, increased variability is also observed in the superior colliculus of these mice but does not affect its tuning properties. Further, the increased response variability in the nob mice is traced to the retina, a result phenocopied by acute pharmacological blockade of the On pathway in wild-type retina. Together, our results suggest that the On and Off pathways normally interact to increase response reliability in the retina, which in turn propagates to various central visual targets and affects their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sarnaik
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; and
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jianhua Cang
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois;
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