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Fuyuki A, Yamamoto S, Sohel MSH, Homma T, Kitamura K, Onouchi S, Saito S. Expression of prosaposin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 37 in mouse cochlear and vestibular nuclei. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:266-270. [PMID: 36696997 PMCID: PMC10076190 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin is a precursor of lysosomal hydrolases activator proteins, saposins, and also acts as a secretory protein that is not processed into saposins. Prosaposin elicits neurotrophic function via G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 37, and prosaposin deficiency causes abnormal vestibuloauditory end-organ development. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine prosaposin and GPR37 expression patterns in the mouse cochlear and vestibular nuclei. Prosaposin immunoreactivity was observed in neurons and glial cells in both nuclei. GPR37 immunoreactivity was observed in only some neurons, and its immunoreactivity in the vestibular nucleus was weaker than that in the cochlear nucleus. This study suggests a possibility that prosaposin deficiency affects not only the end-organs but also the first center of the vestibuloauditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Fuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, The Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, The Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kai Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, The Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, The Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Knepper MI, Dernedde J. Zona Pellucida like Domain Protein 1 (ZPLD1) Polymerization Is Regulated by Two Distinguished Hydrophobic Motifs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213894. [PMID: 36430381 PMCID: PMC9692296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zona Pellucida Like Domain 1 Protein (ZPLD1) is a main component of the cupula, a gelatinous structure located in the labyrinth organ of the inner ear and involved in vestibular function. The N-glycosylated protein is likely able to organize high-molecular-weight polymers via its zona pellucida (ZP) module, which is common for many extracellular proteins that self-assemble into matrices. In this work, we confirmed that ZPLD1 can form multimers while setting up a cellular model leveraging Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to study protein polymerization. We identified two motifs within ZPLD1 which regulate its polymerization and follow previously published conserved regions, identified across ZP proteins. Mutational depletion of either one of these modules led to diminished or abnormal polymer formation outside of the cells, likely due to altered processing at the plasma membrane. Further, intracellular polymer formation was observed. Proteolytic cleavage during secretion, separating the regulatory motif located distinct of the ZP module from the mature monomer, seems to be necessary to enable polymerization. While the molecular interactions of the identified motifs remain to be proven, our findings suggest that ZPLD1 is a polymer forming ZP protein following an orchestrated mechanism of protein polymerization to finally build up a gelatinous hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Isabell Knepper
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-304-5056-9176
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Homma T, Sohel MSH, Onouchi S, Saito S. Morphometric study of the vestibuloauditory organ of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:514-523. [PMID: 35674017 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Independent auditory end-organs appear first in amphibians in vertebrate phylogeny. In amphibians, sound detection is carried out by the amphibian papilla, basilar papilla and macula saccule. Amphibians inhabit distinct habitats and exhibit specific behaviours and sound frequency responses, so the amphibian vestibuloauditory system is an excellent model for considering the relationships between behaviour and physiological/anatomical vestibuloauditory properties. The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, lives in shallow water throughout its life and is thought to use sound in a higher frequency range compared with terrestrial anurans. In this study, the size of each vestibuloauditory end-organ and the distribution of ganglion cells in the vestibuloauditory ganglion were examined using haematoxylin and eosin staining and lectin histochemistry in Xenopus laevis. This study revealed that the size ratios among end-organs in Xenopus are similar to those in terrestrial anurans. Large and small cells were observed in the ganglion, but their distribution patterns are different from those in general terrestrial anurans. Lycopersicon esculentum lectin stained a large number of ganglion cells. Lectin-stained cells were found throughout the whole ganglion, but were especially abundant in the caudal part. These results suggested a unique distribution pattern of the vestibuloauditory ganglion cells in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Wit HP. Modulation of Vestibular Microphonics: A Historical Note. Audiol Res 2021; 11:384-8. [PMID: 34449538 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of microphonics has recently been used to investigate the sensitivity of the utricle in the vestibular organ of the guinea pig. The same technique was used more than 30 years ago to obtain information on the processing of rotational stimuli in the horizontal semicircular canals of the pigeon. Data from that time were reanalysed to give a relation that describes the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) process in vestibular hair cells.
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Li H, Schart-Moren N, Rajan G, Shaw J, Rohani SA, Atturo F, Ladak HM, Rask-Andersen H, Agrawal S. Vestibular Organ and Cochlear Implantation-A Synchrotron and Micro-CT Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:663722. [PMID: 33897611 PMCID: PMC8058461 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.663722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reports vary on the incidence of vestibular dysfunction and dizziness in patients following cochlear implantation (CI). Disequilibrium may be caused by surgery at the cochlear base, leading to functional disturbances of the vestibular receptors and endolymphatic duct system (EDS) which are located nearby. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of this region, aiming to optimize surgical approaches to limit damage to the vestibular organ. Material and Methods: A total of 22 fresh-frozen human temporal bones underwent synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI). One temporal bone underwent micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after fixation and staining with Lugol's iodine solution (I2KI) to increase tissue contrast. We used volume-rendering software to create 3D reconstructions and tissue segmentation that allowed precise assessment of anatomical relationships and topography. Macerated human ears belonging to the Uppsala collection were also used. Drilling and insertion of CI electrodes was performed with metric analyses of different trajectories. Results and Conclusions: SR-PCI and micro-CT imaging demonstrated the complex 3D anatomy of the basal region of the human cochlea, vestibular apparatus, and EDS. Drilling of a cochleostomy may disturb vestibular organ function by injuring the endolymphatic space and disrupting fluid barriers. The saccule is at particular risk due to its proximity to the surgical area and may explain immediate and long-term post-operative vertigo. Round window insertion may be less traumatic to the inner ear, however it may affect the vestibular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadine Schart-Moren
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunesh Rajan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy Shaw
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Seyed Alireza Rohani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Francesca Atturo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanif M. Ladak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Oostwoud Wijdenes L, Medendorp WP. State Estimation for Early Feedback Responses in Reaching: Intramodal or Multimodal? Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:38. [PMID: 29311860 PMCID: PMC5742230 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are highly skilled in controlling their reaching movements, making fast and task-dependent movement corrections to unforeseen perturbations. To guide these corrections, the neural control system requires a continuous, instantaneous estimate of the current state of the arm and body in the world. According to Optimal Feedback Control theory, this estimate is multimodal and constructed based on the integration of forward motor predictions and sensory feedback, such as proprioceptive, visual and vestibular information, modulated by context, and shaped by past experience. But how can a multimodal estimate drive fast movement corrections, given that the involved sensory modalities have different processing delays, different coordinate representations, and different noise levels? We develop the hypothesis that the earliest online movement corrections are based on multiple single modality state estimates rather than one combined multimodal estimate. We review studies that have investigated online multimodal integration for reach control and offer suggestions for experiments to test for the existence of intramodal state estimates. If proven true, the framework of Optimal Feedback Control needs to be extended with a stage of intramodal state estimation, serving to drive short-latency movement corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Pieter Medendorp
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Lee MY, Hyun JH, Suh MW, Ahn JC, Chung PS, Jung JY, Rhee CK. Treatment of peripheral vestibular dysfunction using photobiomodulation. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 28853245 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.088001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin, which is still used in modern medicine, is a known vestibular toxic agent, and various degrees of balance problems have been observed after exposure to this pharmacologic agent. Photobiomodulation is a candidate therapy for vertigo due to its ability to reach deep inner ear organs such as the cochlea. Previous reports have suggested that photobiomodulation can improve hearing and cochlea function. However, few studies have examined the effect of photobiomodulation on balance dysfunction. We used a rat model to mimic human vestibulopathy resulting from gentamicin treatment and evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation on vestibular toxicity. Slow harmonic acceleration (SHA) rotating platform testing was used for functional evaluation and both qualitative and quantitative epifluorescence analyses of cupula histopathology were performed. Animals were divided into gentamicin only and gentamicin plus laser treatment groups. Laser treatment was applied to one ear, and function and histopathology were evaluated in both ears. Decreased function was observed in both ears after gentamicin treatment, demonstrated by low gain and no SHA asymmetry. Laser treatment minimized the damage resulting from gentamicin treatment as shown by SHA asymmetry and recovered gain in the treated ear. Histology results reflected the functional results, showing increased hair cell density and epifluorescence intensity in laser-treated cupulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Hwan Hyun
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Ku Rhee
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Beckman, Republic of Korea
- Sangkaehan ENT Clinic, Jejusi, Republic of Korea
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Nádasy GL, Raffai G, Fehér E, Schaming G, Monos E. A simple standard technique for labyrinthectomy in the rat: A methodical communication with a detailed description of the surgical process. Physiol Int 2017; 103:354-360. [PMID: 28229637 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims Labyrinthectomized rats are suitable models to test consequences of vestibular lesion and are widely used to study neural plasticity. We describe a combined microsurgical-chemical technique that can be routinely performed with minimum damage. Methods Caudal leaflet of the parotis is elevated. The tendinous fascia covering the bulla is opened frontally from the sternomastoid muscle's tendon while sparing facial nerve branches. A 4 mm diameter hole is drilled into the bulla's hind lower lateral wall to open the common (in rodents) mastoid-tympanic cavity. The cochlear crista (promontory) at the lower posterior part of its medial wall is identified as a bony prominence. A 1 mm diameter hole is drilled into its lower part. The perilymphatic/endolymphatic fluids with tissue debris of the Corti organ are suctioned. Ethanol is injected into the hole. Finally, 10 µL of sodium arsenite solution (50 µM/mL) is pumped into the labyrinth and left in place for 15 min. Simple closure in two layers (fascia and skin) is sufficient. Results and conclusion All rats had neurological symptoms specific for labyrinthectomy (muscle tone, body position, rotatory movements, nystagmus, central deafness). Otherwise, their behavior was unaffected, drinking and eating normally. After a few days, they learned to balance relying on visual and somatic stimuli (neuroplasticity).
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Nádasy
- 1 Experimental Research Department and Department of Human Physiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary.,2 Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Raffai
- 1 Experimental Research Department and Department of Human Physiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Fehér
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Schaming
- 1 Experimental Research Department and Department of Human Physiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Monos
- 1 Experimental Research Department and Department of Human Physiology, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
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