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Dan C, Sahai A, Dan D, Sahai A, Trehan R. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma: Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46784. [PMID: 37954740 PMCID: PMC10633882 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaccines developed to prevent infection and mitigate morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 demonstrated high efficacy in clinical trials but were associated with adverse events, most of which were mild and transient. However, some adverse events were rather serious, with grave prognoses. Of note, a few cases of autoimmune hematological conditions such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) were reported. TTP following Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination is exceptionally rare, with very scant literature. This case report describes an interesting case of a 61-year-old woman who presented 22 days after receiving the third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with malaise, bloody stools, and jaundice. Her medical history was significant for multiple myeloma previously treated with autologous bone marrow transplant and in remission with chemotherapy. She also had a history of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and neuropathy treated with daily vitamins. The diagnosis was predicted by her classic presentation and was clinched by low ADAMTS13 activity. She was treated with plasmapheresis, steroids, and monoclonal antibodies. Intriguingly, her hospital stay was further complicated by an episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation for airway protection. Albeit infrequent, COVID-19 vaccine-associated TTP is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in patients presenting with thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitramalya Dan
- Hematology and Oncology, Greater Washington Oncology Associates, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Akshat Sahai
- Cardiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Hematology and Oncology, Greater Washington Oncology Associates, Silver Spring, USA
| | - Deepmalya Dan
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, IND
| | - Anmol Sahai
- Internal Medicine, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, IND
| | - Ram Trehan
- Hematology and Oncology, Greater Washington Oncology Associates, Silver Spring, USA
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Hung CT, Hsu H. Microsurgical complication associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia ( VITT): A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33013. [PMID: 36800613 PMCID: PMC9936026 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Astra Zeneca) vaccine has proven beneficial, but in a limited number of the general population, it was found to be associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). However, there have been no reports of this complication occurring in a microsurgical free tissue transfer. PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old man developed an acute myocardial infarction 3 weeks after receiving his first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in June 2021. Three months later, he presented with right third toe wet gangrene with extension into the plantar foot nine days after receiving his second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. DIAGNOSIS Based on recent exposure to vaccination, the timing of inoculation before the development of his symptoms, and serology tests (platelet, D-dimer, and anti-PF4 antibodies), the patient was diagnosed with VITT. INTERVENTIONS Fasciectomy and sequestrectomy were performed for wound bed preparation. Limb salvage was done using free vastus lateralis muscle flap and skin graft for reconstruction. OUTCOME The flap was complicated by persistent microthrombi leading to superficial necrosis without vascular pedicle compromise. Repeated debridement of the superficial necrosis was done. Three months after the development of VITT, no further new superficial necrosis was seen. A well-contoured flap was seen 5 months after the initial surgery. LESSONS We believe this is the first case describing microthrombi in the free flap due to VITT after microsurgical reconstruction. Patients and surgeons should be advised of this possible risk when contemplating microsurgery once VITT has developed after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Hung
- Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Honda Hsu
- Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Honda Hsu, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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de Miguel-Sanchez CJ, Arguello-Tomas M, Perez-Rus G, Vazquez-Allen P, Mijaylova-Antonova AG, Anaya F, Lopez-Esteban M, Diez-Martin JL, Gil-Nuñez AC, Pascual-Izquierdo C. Plasma exchange as an effective salvage therapy in AZD1222 vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia: a case report. Blood Transfus 2022; 20:152-155. [PMID: 34967727 PMCID: PMC8971014 DOI: 10.2450/2021.0220-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J de Miguel-Sanchez
- Vascular Neurology Section and Stroke Center, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Arguello-Tomas
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Perez-Rus
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Vazquez-Allen
- Vascular Neurology Section and Stroke Center, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Anaya
- Nephrology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez-Esteban
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Diez-Martin
- Haematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Carmelo Gil-Nuñez
- Vascular Neurology Section and Stroke Center, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
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Elalamy I, Gerotziafas G, Alamowitch S, Laroche JP, Van Dreden P, Ageno W, Beyer-Westendorf J, Cohen AT, Jimenez D, Brenner B, Middeldorp S, Cacoub P. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Thrombosis: An Expert Consensus on Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:982-991. [PMID: 33946120 PMCID: PMC8322589 DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the vaccination strategies developed in the second half of the 20th century have facilitated the eradication of infectious diseases. From the onset of COVID-19 pandemic to the end of April 2021, more than 150 million cases and 3 million deaths were documented worldwide with disruption of the economic and social activity, and with devastating material, physical, and psychological consequences. Reports of unusual and severe thrombotic events, including cerebral and splanchnic venous thrombosis and other autoimmune adverse reactions, such as immune thrombocytopenia or thrombotic microangiopathies in connection with some of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, have caused a great deal of concern within the population and the medical community. This report is intended to provide practical answers following an overview of our knowledge on these thrombotic events that are extremely rare but have serious consequences. Vaccine hesitancy threatens to reverse the progress made in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. These adverse events must be put into perspective with an objective analysis of the facts and the issues of the vaccination strategy during this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Health care professionals remain the most pertinent advisors and influencers regarding vaccination decisions; they have to be supported to provide reliable and credible information on vaccines. We need to inform, reassure, and support our patients when the prescription is made. Facing these challenges and observations, a panel of experts express their insights and propose a tracking algorithm for vaccinated patients based on a 10-point guideline for decision-making on what to do and not to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Elalamy
- Hematology and Thrombosis Center, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Research Group “Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoris Gerotziafas
- Hematology and Thrombosis Center, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Research Group “Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Alamowitch
- AP-HP, Service des Urgences cérébro-vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- Centre de recherche de Saint Antoine, INSERM, UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Laroche
- Service de médecine vasculaire, hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Médipôle, 1139, chemin du Lavarin, Avignon, France
| | - Patrick Van Dreden
- Research Group “Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,” INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Walter Ageno
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Thrombosis Center, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jan Beyer-Westendorf
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Cohen
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Jimenez
- Respiratory Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital (IRYCIS), CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et de l'Amylose inflammatoire, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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