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Menegatti E, Mandini S, Chi YW, Mazzoni G, Pagani A, Malagoni AM, Tessari M, Costa AL, Avruscio G, Zamboni P, Gianesini S. Physical fitness changes induced by thermal aquatic standardized exercise in chronic venous disease patients. Phlebology 2021; 37:134-142. [PMID: 34633888 DOI: 10.1177/02683555211051962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity represents a risk factor for both cardiovascular and chronic venous diseases (CVD), nevertheless a specific exercise protocol for CVD patient is still missing. This investigation was aimed to assess the impact of a standardized exercise protocol in a thermal water environment on physical fitness and quality-of-life (QoL) in CVD patients. METHODS Sixteen (16) CVD patients performed 5 standardized exercise sessions in a thermal water pool. Before starting the exercise protocol, the cohort filled International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine their physical activity level. At baseline and at the end of the exercise program, leg volume, QoL, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular physical fitness were assessed by means of water plethysmography, validated questionnaire and functional test, blood pressure and heart rate at rest were also reported. RESULTS All the patients were categorized as physically inactive: average activity time 235.6 (155.2) MET-minutes per week. At the end of the study, a significant leg volume reduction was found (-16%; p < .002). Significant improvement in lower limb strength (p < .0001), endurance (p < .006), rapidity and balance (p < .05) together with decrease in resting heart rate (-1.8%, p < .0001) and systolic blood pressure (-1.1%, p < .04) were reported, significant improvement in bodily pain (p < .0005) and social function (p < .002) QoL items were observed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed exercise protocol in thermal aquatic environment demonstrated to be an effective treatment modality improving both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal outcomes and QoL in sedentary CVD patients. Aquatic environment investigations require proper analysis of the various factors involved, in a standardized and reproducible way. The herein report can be a reference for further studies on different health related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Menegatti
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yung-Wei Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vascular Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anselmo Pagani
- Mini-invasive Venous Surgery Unit, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Malagoni
- Mini-invasive Venous Surgery Unit, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Tessari
- Mini-invasive Venous Surgery Unit, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alfio Luca Costa
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Avruscio
- Angiology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Mini-invasive Venous Surgery Unit, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Gianesini
- Vascular Diseases Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Mini-invasive Venous Surgery Unit, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Surgery, 1685Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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