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Rio M, Malan V, Boissel S, Toutain A, Royer G, Gobin S, Morichon-Delvallez N, Turleau C, Bonnefont JP, Munnich A, Vekemans M, Colleaux L. Familial interstitial Xq27.3q28 duplication encompassing the FMR1 gene but not the MECP2 gene causes a new syndromic mental retardation condition. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:285-90. [PMID: 19844254 PMCID: PMC2987214 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked mental retardation is a common disorder that accounts for 5-10% of cases of mental retardation in males. Fragile X syndrome is the most common form resulting from a loss of expression of the FMR1 gene. On the other hand, partial duplication of the long arm of the X chromosome is uncommon. It leads to functional disomy of the corresponding genes and has been reported in several cases of mental retardation in males. In this study, we report on the clinical and genetic characterization of a new X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by short stature, hypogonadism and facial dysmorphism, and show that this syndrome is caused by a small Xq27.3q28 interstitial duplication encompassing the FMR1 gene. This family broadens the phenotypic spectrum of FMR1 anomalies in an unexpected manner, and we suggest that this condition may represent the fragile X syndrome "contre-type".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Rio
- Département de Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Wu Y, Arai AC, Rumbaugh G, Srivastava AK, Turner G, Hayashi T, Suzuki E, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Rodriguez J, Boyle J, Tarpey P, Raymond FL, Nevelsteen J, Froyen G, Stratton M, Futreal A, Gecz J, Stevenson R, Schwartz CE, Valle D, Huganir RL, Wang T. Mutations in ionotropic AMPA receptor 3 alter channel properties and are associated with moderate cognitive impairment in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:18163-8. [PMID: 17989220 PMCID: PMC2084314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0708699104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS and are essential for the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation and long-term depression, two cellular models of learning and memory. We identified a genomic deletion (0.4 Mb) involving the entire GRIA3 (encoding iGluR3) by using an X-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and four missense variants (G833R, M706T, R631S, and R450Q) in functional domains of iGluR3 by sequencing 400 males with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). Three variants were found in males with moderate MR and were absent in 500 control males. Expression studies in HEK293 cells showed that G833R resulted in a 78% reduction of iGluR3 due to protein misfolding. Whole-cell recording studies of iGluR3 homomers in HEK293 cells revealed that neither iGluR3-M706T (S2 domain) nor iGluR3-R631S (near channel core) had substantial channel function, whereas R450Q (S1 domain) was associated with accelerated receptor desensitization. When forming heteromeric receptors with iGluR2 in HEK293 cells, all four iGluR3 variants had altered desensitization kinetics. Our study provides the genetic and functional evidence that mutant iGluR3 with altered kinetic properties is associated with moderate cognitive impairment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Amy C. Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794
| | - Gavin Rumbaugh
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Gillian Turner
- Hunter Genetics and Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Erika Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Jackie Boyle
- Hunter Genetics and Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Patrick Tarpey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - F. Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, United Kingdom
| | - Joke Nevelsteen
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Froyen
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mike Stratton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Futreal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biosciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; and
| | | | | | - David Valle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics
| | - Richard L. Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics
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Gambino F, Pavlowsky A, Béglé A, Dupont JL, Bahi N, Courjaret R, Gardette R, Hadjkacem H, Skala H, Poulain B, Chelly J, Vitale N, Humeau Y. IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), a protein involved in cognitive functions, regulates N-type Ca2+-channel and neurite elongation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9063-8. [PMID: 17502602 PMCID: PMC1885628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Null mutations in the IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 gene (IL1RAPL1) are responsible for an inherited X-linked form of cognitive impairment. IL1RAPL1 protein physically interacts with neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), but the functional impact of the IL1RAPL1/NCS-1 interaction remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that stable expression of IL1RAPL1 in PC12 cells induces a specific silencing of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (N-VGCC) activity that explains a secretion deficit observed in these IL1RAPL1 cells. Importantly, this modulation of VGCC activity is mediated by NCS-1. Indeed, a specific loss-of-function of N-VGCC was observed in PC12 cells overexpressing NCS-1, and a total recovery of N-VGCC activity was obtained by a down-regulation of NCS-1 in IL1RAPL1 cells. The functional relevance of the interaction between IL1RAPL1 and NCS-1 was also suggested by the reduction of neurite elongation observed in nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated IL1RAPL1 cells, a phenotype rescued by NCS-1 inactivation. Because both proteins are highly expressed in neurons, these results suggest that IL1RAPL1-related mental retardation could result from a disruption of N-VGCC and/or NCS-1-dependent synaptic and neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gambino
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice Pavlowsky
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Aurélie Béglé
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupont
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Bahi
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Gardette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 549, IFR Broca Sainte Anne,2ter Rue d'Alesia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hassen Hadjkacem
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Henriette Skala
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Bernard Poulain
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Butler MG, Allen GA, Haynes JL, Singh DN, Watson MS, Breg WR. Anthropometric comparison of mentally retarded males with and without the fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1991; 38:260-8. [PMID: 2018070 PMCID: PMC5463450 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320380220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An anthropometric survey of 41 variables (weight, height, 10 linear, 4 breadth, 22 craniofacial, 2 skinfold, and testicular volume), including multivariate discriminant analysis, was undertaken on 110 mentally retarded males (39 with and 71 without the fra(X) syndrome). The mean Z scores of the fra(X) syndrome males fell between -2.00 and 8.38 for bizygomatic diameter and testicular volume, respectively, and the range of the mean Z scores of the non-fra(X) males was from -2.64 to 2.26 for hand breadth and testicular volume, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (P less than .05) between fra(X) and non-fra(X) males for 18 measurements (weight, height, 7 linear, 2 breadth, 5 craniofacial, 1 skinfold, and testicular volume), with the greater measurements (excluding bizygomatic diameter) found in fra(X) males. Sitting height, knee-buttock length, middle finger length, and hand length were negatively correlated (P less than .05) with age, whereas bizygomatic diameter, ear length, and ear width were positively correlated (P less than .05) with age and head circumference, head length, and outer canthal distance were positively correlated (P less than .05) with fra(X) chromosome expression in the fra(X) males. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were negatively correlated (P less than .05) with age, whereas ankle breadth, ear length, ear width, and nose length were positively correlated (P less than .05) in the non-fra(X) males. Discriminant analysis of 34 fra(X) and 71 non-fra(X) males resulted in a discriminant function based on 6 of 17 anthropometric variables and age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2578
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